Darwins Natural Selection Essay Example For Students

Darwins Natural Selection Essay In our advanced society, numerous individuals have faith in a wide range of thoughts. On the one side, a few people accept that God made the world. Science anyway utilizes various plans to help the possibility that Darwin is acclaimed for called Natural Selection, which is fundamentally advancement. Each general public has an alternate thought of where man originated from. It is essential to comprehend where man originated from in light of the fact that that is one of the objectives of science and human studies. On the off chance that we as a whole comprehend that we as a whole developed the equivalent, are still perhaps advancing then the various races of people may better see every one of different races. It is additionally significant so we comprehend the way of our own advancement, so we can comprehend the eventual fate of our species thus that we dont become wiped out. Ultimately, it isimportant with the goal that we can comprehend our conduct, as it were, that way that we demon stration. In this paper I will show that most of confirmations bolsters the possibility of advancement. The possibility that Darwin had when he thought of his hypothesis. I accept that Darwins thought best portrays how things advanced, may in any case keep on developing. In a logical investigation of qualities it was demonstrated that advancement happens. As characterized by Websters word reference, development is plummet of living beings by adjustment, at the end of the day, advancement is the changing of living beings. This is best comprehended in a speculative circumstance. In the event that there is a life form X and it develops into living being Y, both possess various specialties. Living being X eats just little seeds and life form Y eats huge seeds. On the off chance that the earth changes, and state corrosive downpour clears out the entirety of the huge seeds then just living being Y will have the option to endure. This is a case of a hereditary bottleneck, a decrease of hereditary assorted variety. In another investigation of moths, there are dark moths and white ones. In the Industrial insurgency, the trees got dark with residue and just the blackmoths could endure, in light of the fact that the white moths were eaten. This is proof for adv ancement, just like the instance of the jackass and pony, they just produce donkeys, which are not ripe. This shows various species can't interbreed, that is they can't trade qualities (otherwise called quality stream). The fossils of early man, the Australopithecus, show that it was inbetween a man and a chimpanzee. In an examination, researchers demonstrated this demonstrates we developed from chimpanzees. The early man likewise made stone devices. This demonstrates three things. 1. That they were clever. 2. That early man chased. 3. Olduwan devices were made by Homo habilis, a human predecessor. All in all, the fossil records, qualities and moths show that Darwinian advancement is happening. He didn't know it all, and couldnt careful clarify everything, except he essentially had the correct thought. Both small scale a large scale development created the incredible exhibit of living being that we can see today, even ourselves. I my article I have clarified these thoughts best clarify how we (Homo sapiens) developed, and with a superior understandingmight have the option to foresee the eventual fate of our species. Words/Pages : 536/24

On the instruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On the guidance - Essay Example This issue can be understood through parental, watchman just as educators’ intercession to be in a situation to teach youngsters about the helpful utilization of the web. It ought to be everyone’s obligation to give web safe instruction to the youngsters with the goal that they become mindful of the dangers they are probably going to experience using the web. The other arrangement that can be executed so as to manage this specific issue is identified with strengthening of the kids so they can become experts of the fate in most definitely. There are various methods of actualizing these measures which are probably going to give a long answer for the difficult that is identified with antagonistic effects of the web on kids. As per the Internet Society, â€Å"the best approach to manage apparent issues emerging from Internet use is to engage kids and youngsters so they realize how to defend themselves against the antagonistic impacts of utilizing the internet.† Whils t different systems are utilized by various governments, for example, sifting or blocking sites that are thought to contain malignant data to kids, it tends to be seen that these strategies have their own shortages. An all encompassing methodology that is individuals focused ought to be executed so as to address this issue. Strengthening of kids with respect to the utilization of the web is extremely powerful since this procedure is intended to create positive advantages of utilizing the web. There are diverse strengthening procedures that can be utilized, for example, showing the youngsters proper language to use just as granting information to them about their individual communities’ social, social and moral standards that shape their conduct. Each individual has a place with a culture that has standards and values and these make the personality of the individuals living in that specific region. The way of life of individuals additionally shapes their personality subsequent ly it is the job of the guardians specifically to give information about their social qualities to the youngsters. This can assist the kids with distinguishing between something that is acceptable from terrible. Kids who know about their social qualities are probably going to keep up them for the duration of their lives. These qualities additionally help them to know the things they are permitted to do just as things they are not permitted to do in their general public. Ethically upstanding youngsters frequently show positive characteristics about their way of life and this can reclaim them from acting gravely when they are utilizing the web. It is significant for the guardians just as the teachers to instruct their youngsters about the positive advantages that can be gotten from utilizing the web. As expressed by the Internet Society, it tends to be seen that the web isn't malevolent since it has essentially improved our lives in different manners. There are more advantages that ar e probably going to be gotten from utilizing the web than the negative viewpoints, for example, the ones referenced previously. Basically, guardians and the teachers ought to consistently endeavor to instruct their kids to be in a situation to make a differentiation between something that is terrible from acceptable. While the guardians and educators invest the majority of the energy with their youngsters, it tends to be noticed that they can't control their conduct all the

What to do if you dont have the Grades and Scores Alternative Admission Strategies TKG

What to do if you don’t have the Grades and Scores Alternative Admission Strategies Hopefully you are beginning the college process on the best possible footing. By this we mean you have achieved excellent grades in difficult classes, received high scores on not only your primary standardized test but any subject tests as well, and have a litany of highly-developed interests and extracurriculars. But we understand, this isn’t always the case.  Maybe it took you longer to get your footing academically. Maybe you didn’t devote as much time as you needed to testing and tutoring. Or maybe you were too busy honing your skills in an extracurricular activity. Whatever the reason, you are now in a position where your grades and scores do not align with the caliber of school you were hoping to apply to.There’s no magic wand you can wave that will reverse this and turn B’s into A’s or increase your test scores. But there are some things you can do to alleviate low grades and test scores and place emphasis on other parts of your application.First, focus on your extr acurriculars. Make it clear to the admissions committee that even if you weren’t able to 100% achieve your academic goals, you were spending your time pursuing your passions outside of the classroom. If you scored low on your ACTs but are an accomplished pianist or published writer, make this the focal point of your application. Highlighting extracurricular achievement can be a valuable way to shift focus away from lower than expected grades and scores. You want the admissions committee to know what you were doing with your time. There’s no need to sound defensive or like you’re making up an excuse. Just be honest and make your successes outside of class apparent to anyone reading your application.Second, your essay must be excellent. This may seem obvious. Of course you want to write the best possible essay regardless of your grades and scores, but if they’re low it becomes even more imperative. If you’re on the cusp of admission, especially if you’re credentials are on the low end, your essay becomes vital to your chances. Spend time polishing each word of the common app and supplemental school essays to make sure that they’re carefully crafted narratives. Be sure to work in whatever you’ve achieved outside the classroom and highlight your skill as a writer. (For help, read this, this, and this.)Finally, if your grades are strong but scores are low, look into some test optional schools. Many excellent small colleges have increasingly moved away from test scores as a benchmark and if you’re worried that low SAT scores are holding you back, definitely review this list.There’s no sugar coating it. Not having the strongest grades and scores can be a huge blow to your admission chances at top tier schools. But if you highlight your work outside the classroom and showcase your other skills it can definitely improve your chances. And for those of you who are just beginning the college process, let this be a reminder for you to do everything to p ut yourself in a place to succeed.

The Management Of An Organization - 1607 Words

Management is found everywhere you go and without realizing people are somewhat managers themselves even if they don t hold a management position in their job such as, taking care of the household. Management can be simply defined as taking care of things and people, and managers are the people who ensure this. (Pyle, G 2015) There are different types of Managers in an organisation and this is referred as the management hierarchy which include: Top-level managers, which are the board directors and CEO. They make long term objectives and plans for the organisation. Middle Managers are branch and department managers who work with Top-level Managers. They help direct and organize the objectives and plans. First-level managers are supervisors, who deal with everyday operations of an organisation such a dealing with staff and customers. (Boundless 2015) (Schermerhorn et al 2014) Every type of manager will go through the four functions of management no matter of their management position to ensure objectives are met, which are: Planning, Controlling, Organising and Leading (Functions et al. 2015). Planning is setting and deciding how to achieve performance objectives. Controlling is measuring the performance and taking action if needed. Organising is giving tasks and distributing resources. Leading is basically ensuring the employees are motivated. To help achieve long or short term plans and objectives every manager will to use the four management approaches Such approaches areShow MoreRelatedOrganization And Management : Organization1742 Words   |  7 Pages Organisation and Management [Writer’s Name] [Institute’s Name]â€Æ' Organisation and Management 1. 1.1 The concept of â€Å"leadership by example† means to have a leader who does the exact thing that he is asking his employees to do. For instance, if a manager is asking his employees to leave by 5 pm for the day, then the manager should himself leave by 5 pm as well. If he stays back to get more work done, he would eventually make his employees feel guilty which might result in them staying lateRead MoreManagement for Organization1603 Words   |  7 Pages MGT330: Management for Organizations Kyle Kontour May 18, 2015 Final Paper The five management functions are used in all organizations, which are planning, organizing, staffing, leading and control. Each one of these functions is applied to make sure that the organization is successful with hitting the goals, within the organization. This helpsRead MoreManagement And Management Of An Organization993 Words   |  4 Pagesone of the key players in organizations that are involved in the development and management of an organization. Their key role is primarily important as a leader because they are the models of influence that most subordinates will look to any time there is a change, or if there is any fear involved that needs to be addressed in that transitional process. There are different roles and responsibilities that the manager has to address so that the staff of the organization can handle, plan, implementRead MoreOrganization Management1145 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Organizational change and adjustments are usually carried out in order to improve the performance of different departments within the organization or its subsidiaries. While carrying out these changes, it is crucial that the concept of fairness be emphasized within the environment of the balanced scorecard while the performance of the various departments should appraised and appropriately measured (Aryani,2009).This work is about a small UK company acquired by a larger US companyRead MoreOrganization and Management1109 Words   |  5 Pagessystems, and clinical terminologies in order to facilitate patient care as well as comply with requirements of the accrediting agencies (McWay, 2008). References McWay D C 2008 Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated ApproachMcWay, D. C. (2008). Todays Health Information Management: An Integrated Approach. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning. rofessor and class, !. SNOP gradually lost favor when focus was placed by accrediting agencies of standardized nomenclatures thatRead MoreOrganization And Management Theories Of Organizations1422 Words   |  6 PagesOrganization and Management Theories Organizations are a social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet or pursue collective goals. All organizations have management structures that determine the direction of the organization. The importance of an organization in society is substantial and understated as an organization can improvise, test, experiment and invent new strategies and approaches. Therefore, with an organization being such a prominent factor in society the study of formalRead MoreOrganization Change Management : Organization1065 Words   |  5 PagesOrganisation Change Management BMO6624 Assignment 2 Literature Review Name: Ranjeeta Student ID: UNIT Coordinator and Lecturer: Dr. Shahnaz Naughton Introduction In modern organizations they always have to keep very close eyes on what coming next. In order to retain their position and sustain the market they always have to keep making changes in their organisational structure to meet the demands for their stakeholders. Whenever any organization decides to make anyRead MoreManagement Organization1074 Words   |  5 PagesManagement Organization In any business, leadership management’s responsibility is to provide a safe and comfortable working environment, using appropriate communication skills, operating with the highest possible ethical standards, being fair, provide compensation to the employees increasing motivation for the employees to work at his or her fullest potential. This paper will discuss Enron, and the business failure that occurred. At one time, Enron was one of the largest energy providers in AmericaRead MoreOrganizations And Project Management Organizations955 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizations and Project Management Organizations use governance to establish strategic direction and performance parameters. The strategic direction provides the purpose, expectations, goals, and actions necessary to guide business pursuit and is aligned with business objectives. Project management activities should be aligned with top-level business direction, and if there is a change, then project objectives need to be realigned. In a project environment, changes to project objectives affectRead MoreOrganization and Management Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational and management analysis are an essential part of organizational environment. In the modern world, working environment characteristics are team work, delegation, information technology interfaces, which have an impact on the effectiveness of organization and management. This helps in cost reduction, decrease in environmental waste, improved employee satisfaction and an increase in overall productivity. To have an organizational and management analysis review of organizational charts

International Business Case Study Essay - 1164 Words

Krom Bop-A-Lee’s experience in Bombay, India is undoubtedly a common one for those from First World countries unaccustomed to the relatively poor working conditions present in many parts of the world. As Westerners, many luxuries are taken for granted, and the absence of these luxuries can have a profound impact on one’s moral and ethical foundation. The Problem Within This Situation It is this impact upon Krom Bop-A-Lee’s psyche which serves as the primary problem in this particular situation. Krom Bop-A-Lee’s company should be proud to have her representing it; too often liaisons on international business trips of this nature are content to accept the overwhelming hospitality of their hosts and choose to ignore the goings-on â€Å"behind†¦show more content†¦A secondary cause comes from Krom Bop-A-Lee’s firm. Any corporation that conducts business with Third World countries and sends representatives to these countries should not eschew its obligation to inform its employees of the relatively poor conditions inherent in its suppliers’ factories and workshops. In other words, Krom Bop-A-Lee should not have been taken off guard by the conditions upon her visit. The underlying causes of this issue, then, can be framed from both an individual’s perspective (in this case, Krom Bop-A-Lee’s) as well as the organization’s perspective. In addressing this problem, it is important to consider each of these perspectives in and of themselves, and develop a course of action which accomplishes two primary goals: (1) to foster a better understanding of the conditions in locales such as Bombay that derives from a pragmatic approach, rather than a relativistic, abstract one and (2) to develop procedures within the organization that act to better inform its buyers of what to expect on soirees such as the one undertaken by Krom Bop-A-Lee and those like her. The Plan of Action for Addressing the Issue at Hand As mentioned above, the primary objectives of this plan are to address and alleviate potential ethical concerns through pragmatic approaches and to develop a strategy whereby the company can better inform its international travelers and temper their expectations. In orderShow MoreRelatedInternational Business Case Study2274 Words   |  10 PagesInternational Business Case Study Sun Life Financial and Indian Economic Surge How is the Insurance market in India changing? Why is India an attractive market for investment? The insurance market in India has undergone significant changes over the past few years The Insurance Act of 1938 was the first legislation governing all forms of insurance to provide strict state control over insurance business. Life insurance in India was completely nationalized on January 19, 1956, through theRead MoreInternational Business Case Study7015 Words   |  29 PagesAssociation of Business Executives QCF International Business Case Study Fiat Automobiles S.p.A Tuesday 4 June 2013, Afternoon This is an open-book examination, and you may consult any previously prepared written material or texts during the examination. Only answers that are written during the examination in the answer book supplied by the examination centre will be marked. 6IBCS0613  © ABE 2013 J/601/2793 Notes l As in real life, anomalies may be found in this Case Study. PleaseRead MoreInternational Business Case Study934 Words   |  4 Pagescontaining vitamins and minerals which can prevent heart disease, obesity and dental problems. 2. What, if anything, can Western countries do to help improve the political climate for doing business in Vietnam? Give examples. a. By continuing and growing their exports, this can help to improve business in Vietnam. After the Vietnam war Vietnam became communist in 1975. Even though a lot has changed since then, Vietnam continues to be a communist country today. The politic framework in VietnamRead MoreInternational Business Case Study1558 Words   |  7 Pages1. What is international business? An international business is the exchange of goods and services with business or individuals in different countries all over the world. 2. Explain the 5 benefits that international trade offers to businesses? The 5 benefits that international trade offers to businesses are: Access to the Market - It’s when most business depend on international trade for their economic survival. Most countries usually have a larger international market then domestic marketRead MoreUber International Business Case Study1471 Words   |  6 PagesUber is an international mobile application (‘app’) available on operating systems such as iOS and Android. It uses several technology developments such as geographical tracking and payments processed through their mobile app as opposed to cash in hand payments like traditional taxi cabs. These developments match Uber drivers with customers either individually or using ride-sharing depending on their needs. This is a report that will be based on the research and findings of the case study on Uber UKRead MoreCase Study: International Business and Globalization605 Words   |  2 PagesSubject - International Business/Globalization Case Study - Matsushita and Japans Changing Culture Question - How did traditional Japanese culture benefit Matsushita during the 1950s to 1980s? Matsushita, a giant Japanese electronics company, was founded in 1918. Its work largely lay in its supplying Japan with radio equipment and other appliances. Traditional Japanese culture benefitted Matsushita during the 1950s to 1980s by creating a close and dedicated relationship between the companyRead MoreCase Study - Association for the Study of International Business (Asib)1353 Words   |  6 Pagesdo take on this large task in-house. However, I feel the potentially high revenues could be significant. Association for the Study of International Business (ASIB) Online Revenue Models Internet Commerce Chapter 3, Case 2 This report covers recommended online revenue models for ASIB’s journals, â€Å"Annals of International Business† and â€Å"International Business Today.† ASIB’s current net profit for both journals is $14,400 per year. My revenue model recommendations would amount to a profitRead MoreGreece International Business Case Study1200 Words   |  5 PagesGreece’s International Business Greece  achieved  independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1830.  all through  the second  half  of the  10th  century and the first  half of  the 20th century, it  step by step  delivered  neighboring islands and territories,  most  with Greek-talking  populations. In  world  struggle  II, Greece  become  first invaded  by  Italy (1940) and  in the end occupied  with the aid of  Germany (1941) combating  continued  in a long  civil  warfare  between supporters of the king and  different  anti-communistRead MoreInternational Business Programs Case Study834 Words   |  4 Pageswant to get connected with the international programs, they can do so, by learning who the faculty and staff are. There are numerous of faculty and staff members on the international programs. Some of them include Brad Bodenhausen, a director of international leadership and training center, Yi Winnie Wu, a assistant program specialist, Jinzi Fan , a program specialist in the international leadership and training center, Kelly Cabrera, a coordinator in the international leadership and training centerRead MoreInternational Business Case Study on Boeing4493 Words   |  18 PagesPolitical and Legal Strategic trade theory / strategic trade policies The political and legal aspect is especially crucial to conducting a business on an international level. Firms involved in global business must be familiar with and obey not only the laws of their home country, but also the local laws of each country in which they do business, and international laws. From a different perspective, governments may also utilize different regulations, such as exchange rates, interest rates, taxation

Nietzsche And Jean Sartre s View On The Death Of God

During the 19th and 20th century, Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean Sartre were two of the most prominent existentialist philosophers. The work that these philosophers have contributed to the existentialist school of thought has been regarded as the most ground breaking and controversial views on the meaning of life. This essay will provide a critical analysis of Nietzsche’s famous idea of the â€Å"Death of God† and Sartre’s extensive work on the theory â€Å"existence precedes essence†. In addition, it shall explain why Nietzsche’s claim that without God, life is dull and mediocre is correct, and why life without God is filled with anguish and forlornness, as Sartre believes. To illustrate the tragedy of Gods death, Nietzsche tells a tale of a madman who ran into a busy marketplace yelling, â€Å"I seek god, I seek god† (Nietzsche 1044). After this cry for help, the man was sarcastically ridiculed by the atheist patrons of the marketplace. The madman responded, â€Å"We have killed him, you and I! we are all his murderers.† (Nietzsche 1044). In order to understand Nietzsche’s claim that God is dead, it must be disambiguated with the assertion that God does not exist. Nietzsche is not arguing that God does not exist. Instead, he is making the claim that society no longer subscribes to the institution of religion as the basis of justice and morality, and due to this fact, society has killed God. To provide historical context of this situation, the book Joyful Wisdom, where the death of God isShow MoreRelatedExistentialism1408 Words   |  6 PagesSome of the ways of thinking are linked to some prominent people. There is idealism, natu ralism, experimentalism, and existentialism among others. This essay explores existentialism, which has been postulated by Sartre among others. The other proponents of existentialism include Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, martin Buber, Martin Heidegger and Martin Buber. The weakness and strengths of existentialism are going to be discussed in this essay. The main facets of existentialism that are going to be discussedRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesdid not possess them, it would cease to be. There are other sorts of properties that an object possesses but that do not make the object what it is. Furthermore, essentialism holds that natural things do have essences. * In the existentialist view, the problem of being must take precedence over that knowledge in philosophical investigations. Being cannot be made a subject of objective enquiry; it is revealed to individual by reflection on his own unique concrete existence in time and space.Read MoreExistentialism And How This Philosophical Theory Has Developed Over The Years1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe years. After World War 2, this theory became increasingly popular and some of the great philosophers such as Freidrich Nietzsche, Soren Kierkegaard can be said to be the founders of this theory although they, in their lifetime, never accepted this. Therefore they are sometimes called precursors of this movement. Other major philosophers like Albert Camus, Jean-Paul Sartre and Martin Heidegger also deny any association with the movement yet their work is pivotal in bringing this theory to the worldRead MoreQuestions On The And The Doctrine Of God2357 Words   |  10 PagesOn How to Beg God to Exist Man loves God. It is as natural a love to Man as any other is. For millennia the notion of divinity has ruled the minds of peoples the world over, its power to foster social cohesion and social conflict at the heart of its aversion to senescence. However, can such a consequential notion have as its foundation a logical proof? Arguments in the affirmative abound. Let us examine one in particular, that of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Five Ways. As we do this, we will considerRead MoreThemes in Albert Camus quot;The Plague.quot; Essay1799 Words   |  8 PagesNovember 1913 in Mondovi, Algeria to Lucien Camus, whose family had settled in Algeria in 1871, and Catherine Sintes, of Spanish origin. During Camus high school years, he met Jean Grenier, the man who would influence Camus career to the greatest extent by opening his mind to the philosophy of thinkers such as Nietzsche and Bergson. He and Grenier focused much of their writing on the duality of mortality. Still achieving highly at school, Camus received his diploma from the University in philosophyRead More Analysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature Essay5384 Words   |  22 PagesAnalysis of Dostoevsky and Nietzsches Literature   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"Dostoevsky, the only one who has taught me anything about psychology.† The two writers share many similarities and differences. Dostoevsky clearly had an effect on the thinking of Nietzsche. The two would be considered both philosophers and psychologists. Both writers became prominent in the late 19th century in Germany and Russia respectively. Dostoevsky was noted for his Russian literary classics and wouldRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 PagesLCC grant. Two years later, in August 1950, he published his first poems in Poetry London, No. 19. The following year, Pinter recommenced his training as an actor at the Central School of Speech and Drama. That very year, he joined the Anew McMaster s famous Irish staging company, well-known for its performances of Shakespeare. From 1950 to 1956, Pinter engaged himself in acting in radio features and theatres. In the course of actin g in theatres, he met the actress Vivien Merchant (whom he later married)Read MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagesup a substantive position with regard to the urgent problems of the present; for according to this view of Marxist method its pre-eminent aim is knowledge of the present. Our preoccupation with methodology in these essays has left little space for an analysis of the concrete problems of the present. For this reason the author would like to take this opportunity to state unequivocally that in his view the experiences of the years of revolution have provided a magnificent confirmation of all the essential

Organizational Behaviour and Management Sustained Competitive Advanta

Question: Explain about the Organizational Behaviour and Management of Sustained Competitive Advantage. Answer: Introduction Organization behavior can be described as a study that aims to explain how the impact of groups in the organization, individuals and the general structure of organizations affects the behavior within the environment of the organization. It can also be said that it refers to the group and individual dynamics within the organization and has influences on the behavior that are seen in the organization (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). About management, organization behavior can be said to encompass all the issue and challenges that managers face daily in their role of providing effective leadership in the organization. This short report aims to develop an understanding of the management and organizational behavior of business organizations by looking at several areas and aspects of organizations such as the structure of organizations, the design of these organizations as well as the organizations approaches to management (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). Contributions of Organizational Behavior towards Management There are several ways in which organization behavior contributes to the management of the organization. These can be looked at under motivation, leadership, human resource management, management culture and diversity in the organization as well as management learning and knowledge within the organization. Motivation Motivation is defined as a strong desire of an individual to do certain things or accomplish a given tasks. An effective management must study what would motivate their employees and what would undermine their spirit in undertaking the tasks that they have been assigned to (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). Motivated employees according to studies have been found to do their duties with great effort and well. This is part of the organization behavior that would help the management in dealing with employees to control the turnovers in the organizations. Motivating employees are significant to the growth of an organization. If employees are motivated, they would be highly productive and thus achieve high results for the organization which is vital to its growth and development. Some of the techniques of motivating employees are through incentive programs. These programs do not need to be only monetary in value. They can be other things such as work-life balance and even welfare group for the employees. A focused management that wants to see their organization succeeding to another level every time must keep the employees motivated. Employees would like to feel good at their job, and this can only happen if they are motivated (Barney, 1986). Building motivation strategy is the first step in maintaining the employees in the organization. Organization behavior focuses on how people can be motivated differently in the organization by borrowing knowledge from various motivation theories. Leadership The leadership of organization also determines the direction an organization would take and whether it would be successful in its field of business or not. A good leadership would focus on people such as customers and employees. Leadership in the organization should be inspirational and trust worthy. An action-centered leadership can be said to the best for organizations (Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S, 2014). Organization behavior studies different characters and style of leadership and provides such knowledge to the management of organizations. Leadership in organizations is seen as catalysts that make other aspects of the organization to function well. Leadership is needed to assist in formulating strategies that will give the organization a direction. It is also an important factor in the motion of employees and thus making them dedicated to their work. A company with good leadership would most likely survive unfavorable economic periods. The leadership style that is practiced in di fferent organizations includes autocratic leadership style where managers make decisions alone without consulting employees or others. Secondly, there is participatory leadership style where managers involve their subordinates and other in the decision-making process. Consequently, there is the transformational leadership style that motivates employees and improves their production. All these leadership styles as learned from organization theory apply to the different organization (DuBrin, A, 2013). Managers would learn the different styles of leadership and determines the one that would best suit their organizations. Human resource management and Management of culture and diversity This is the department within the organization that deals with the affairs of the employees. It manages the employees through hiring and firing of employees. It is a significant department in an organization that ensures that organization does not run out of staff. It also ensures that the company has the staff that it needs (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013). Human resource department is also responsible for the training, orientation and compensation management in an organization. Human resource department is designed to maximize the performance of the staff of a company. In simple terms, human resource department recruits, train and appraise employees of an organization. It also balances the industrial practice requirement as stated by the law and with the management of employees in an organization. This is also an aspect of the organization that is provided by the organizational behavior studies that help management in the performance of their duties. Human resource should also focus on the working environment as well as working conditions of the employees so as to ensure that they are not discouraged from working for the company. Human resource management is one of the contributions of the organization behavior to the management of such organization. It is tasked with overseeing the relationship within the organization by dividing the company into management level and different hierarchies. It defines the roles and responsibilities of every employee in an organization (Miner, J, 2015). Also, it is responsible for setting the compensation and reward strategy that the company finance department would use in making payments to all the employees of the organization. It is also the department that ensures that there is unity among employees in the organization. This can be done by measuring the job satisfaction, solving conflicts arising from the workplace as well as employees engagement. In a work environment, there exist people from different cultural background and thus different beliefs. It can be race, religion among others. This diversity makes people a bit different from one another in the way they carry out themselves. Managing people from different cultural and religious beliefs is one of the challenges the organizations are facing. Organization behavior also studies cultural and religious diversity and how they impact the behavior of the organization (McShane, S. and Von Glinow, M, 2015). Different cultures have a different perspective on various workplace issues. These issues can be looked at as management, teamwork, and the responsibilities as well as respect to authorities. Organization must come up with a way that embraces cultural diversity and promotes unity among employees despite their cultural beliefs. This would ensure that people within the organization, however, are from the different cultural background are comfortable working together. Some of the systems that can be used by organizations are the icebreakers that are based on the cultural positivity. Posts in the organization should be given out by merit and not on favors of particular individuals from the certain cultural background. That means the recruitment process must be done in good faith. Summary Organizational behavior also focuses on the creation of a good organizational culture. Business organizations should focus on the creation of an organizational culture that would embrace good leadership, effective human resource management practices and also the promotion of cultural diversity within the place of work (Wagner III, J. and Hollenbeck, J, 2014). It is also important for companies to come up with better motivation schemes that would maximize employees productivity. Investing in such schemes would benefit the business organization in that their production level would improve thereby increasing their revenues. Motivated staffs would also stay with the organization through various challenges and would do all they can in the face of the challenging environment to ensure that the company is back on its feet. Practical Implications for Managers Organizational behavior provides knowledge on various aspects of management of organizations that can be applied by managers. On motivation, besides monetary incentives, organizations should provide a free environment that would make employees to feel comfortable and encourages creativity. The free environment would encourage an exchange of ideas among employees and also with the top management (Schneider Robbins, S. and Judge, T., 2012). Management should also involve employees in decision-making processes that would make them feel appreciated in the organization. Also, teamwork and achievement should also be encouraged where different teams perform various tasks and them the best team is rewarded. This would encourage employees to take part in the efforts of making the organization successful. Consequently, organization management should also provide leadership that is action centered. The leadership must also consider employees participation in the various decision-making processes (Schneider Pinder, C., 2014). Transformational leadership would be a good style in managing organizations. Human resource management should focus on the provision of the needs of employees. They should respect and treat all employees equally so as there is unity among employees. Education programs should also be provided in a way that it assists to improve the skills of employees on the tasks and responsibilities that they have been given in the organization. Cultural diversity can be managed by assigning people from different cultures in the same work assignment so that they can work together and break the cultural barrier. It can also be managed through various games where people would have to participate. Embracing culture and diversity can also be done by not only respecting peoples culture but also encouraging cultural celebration events in the organization where everyone would display their cultural practices to their colleague. Reflection The articles were important in the understating how the organizational behavior contributes to the management of the organization. It is clear that by studying how people impact organizations, the managers can understand how to control people based on these aspects so as their influence do not impact negatively on the organization progress and growth (Robbins and Judge, 2012). The leadership styles described in organizational behavior gives the management an idea of the kind of style that would be important in stirring the organization to its success. This would be possible because organizational behavior studies people and thus it would make it easier for managers to know how to not only motivate employees but also to understand their dislikes and likes. These articles also provide knowledge on how to manage cultural diversity in the workplace that has been a challenging to most of the managers and has brought failure to most organizations (Hersey, Blanchard, and Johnson, 2012). Org anization behavior studies have been essential tools for managers in evaluating and improving their management skills. Conclusion In conclusion, it can be said that organizational behavior is a significant study that every manager needs to have knowledge about. It gives managers ideas on leadership, motivations. The study contributes a lot to the management of organizations by offering suggestions on various aspects of management of business organizations. Through organizational behavior, managers learn how to create a positive corporate culture, how to motivate employees and also on the leadership styles. Motivations are seen as the most important aspect of the management as it affects the productivity of employees. Motivation also does not only involve money but other nonmonetary aspects as well such as work-life balance. Management can also learn how to cope with cultural, religious and racial diversity so also to enhance a good working relationship among employees and also to encourage unity. References Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014. Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers.,pp.54-99 Barney, J., 1986. Organizational culture: can it be a source of sustained competitive advantage?. Academy of management review, 11(3), pp.656-665. DuBrin, A.J., 2013. Fundamentals of organizational behavior: An applied perspective. Elsevier.pp. 37-58 Hersey, P., Blanchard, K., and Johnson, D.E., 2012. Managements of Organizational Behavior: Leading Human Resources. PHI. McShane, S.L. and Von Glinow, M.A., 2015. Organizational Behavior 7/e.pp.77-98 Miner, J.B., 2015. Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge.pp.56-77 Pinder, C.C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press., pp.68-88 Robbins, S.P. and Judge, T., 2012. Essentials of organizational behavior. Boston: Pearson. Schneider, B., Ehrhart, M. and Macey, W., 2013. Organizational climate and culture. Annual review of psychology, 64, pp.361-388 Wagner III, J.A. and Hollenbeck, J.R., 2014. Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge.

Adventures Essays (3416 words) - English-language Films,

Adventures Of Huck Finn Critics Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Twain told the truth in great novels and memoirs and short stories and essays, and he became a writer of international renown still translated into 72 languages. He became, through the written and spoken word, America's greatest ambassador and its most perpetually quoted. Samuel L. Clemens was born in 1835 in a town called Florida, Mo., and before he became a famous writer under the pen name Mark Twain, he worked on a riverboat, as a prospector for gold, as a reporter, and at other enterprises( Twain 12). He was not a young man of excellent reputation - a conclusion reached by Jervis Langdon, an Elmira businessman who had been asked by young Sam for his daughter Livy`s hand. Still, the marriage occurred and, shortly thereafter, in 1871, the couple moved to Hartford, renting a home in the Nook Farm neighborhood from John Hooker. They soon began construction on an eccentric and expensive mansion, where they lived for two decades. In the billiard room of this house many of the greatest books of Mark Twain were finished, among them "Tom Sawyer," "Adventures of Huckleberry Finn," "Roughing It," "Life on the Mississippi," and "A Connecticut Yankee In King Arthur's Court." During his two decades in Hartford, Mark Twain enjoyed the company of many good friends in his close-knit neighborhood, like William Gillette and Charles Dudley Warner, as well as frequent visitors from around the country, such as General William Tecumseh Sherman, explorer Henry Stanley, and author Bret Harte. He became a well-known public figure, often making news in the Hartford Courant ( Compton`s Encyclopedia ). Twain's years in Hartford were perhaps among his happiest, for in addition to his literary successes it was here that he, Livy, and their three daughters, Susy, Clara and Jean were all together. Twain would eventually outlive everyone but Clara. Financial trouble hit the Clemenses in the 1880s, particularly after Twain invested hundreds of thousands of dollars in a mechanical typesetting device being developed by James Paige. The typesetter was a failure, Twain's investment was lost, and in 1891 Twain and family left Hartford to live less expensively in Europe. Twain is thought of today in many circles as a great humorist( Twain 25). This is, of course, true. His wit is legendary. But his work is far too complex to characterize only in that way. The writing is full of social commentary, and his voice was controversial at the time of his writings and remains so today. Huck Finn, in some circles, is a racist book because of its repeated use of the word nigger by its characters and because of the portrayal of the slave Jim. But many scholars, including those from an African-American heritage, argue that Twain was accurate in his depiction of the times and a force for change and for understanding the horrors of slavery. Aside from his writing, Twain was also a publisher (he printed the memoirs of U.S. Grant), a much- acclaimed (and well-paid) lecturer, and an entrepreneur. It was his investment in the Paige typesetter that ultimately led to bankruptcy and forced him and Livy to close up the Hartford house and take their three daughters to Europe. He died after Livy and two of his daughters and is buried in Elmira, where he summered throughout his life, in a grave that is marked "Samuel Langhorne Clemens -- Mark Twain --1835-1910." While it is his talent for writing that made him famous, the experiences of his earlier life play very important parts in his books. His experiences as a steam boat pilot are used in many of his books, including Huck Finn. Mark Twain is a term that he learned during his time as a river boat pilot meaning "two fathoms deep". The renowned author`s greatest book about struggle and hopes and dreams is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Many would say that Huck Finn is a very troubled young boy. . Huck's dad brought Huck up the hard way with out a mother and instilled many of his beliefs into Huck. He passed some of these bad habits onto Huck which leads to my thesis that, Huck often finds himself in tight predicaments and being brought up the way he was, taught that lying and stealing aren't wrong, proved very useful in getting him out of many of these predicaments. Because Huck's father brought him up to be such a great liar and a stealer Huck has been able to escape from many close calls. So in order

Music and Dance as a Part of Our Culture

Music and Dance as a Part of Our Culture Music and dance were known to people for a long time. From the starting point of our civilization, first people could make rough musical instruments and dance to the sounds. At first, dance would be used in religious ceremonies and rituals, for example, to call out the rain in the dry season and in some instances, before going hunting, to bring good luck and a rich catch.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Music and Dance as a Part of Our Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Our ancestors believed that they will please the spirits and the higher forces of nature, thus they will be sent whatever it is they needed in abundance. Only after further development of the social communities and progress of civilization, people began to use music and dance as an industry for masses that was meant to please the ear and eye; it became a part of the arts. In our time, there is a great quantity of many different kinds of gen res and dance types. Many instruments that can be used to produce very unique and distinct sounds have a very advanced technological structure, so the variation of dance greatly increased. Dance is very influential on the person and there is no other medium quite like it that can have such a significant effect on the person. Especially ethnic dance is meant to touch the deepest parts of the human soul, the emotions and can raise the mood and make it light or depress it and have a negative influence on the psyche of a person.  Our family has a unique connection to the dance and music, and how it was used in the family and in social settings. The dancing that was imagined and acted out would be aligned to people’s emotional state, life and circumstances of everyday worries and happiness. An interesting fact that has been a part of family is that it was a connection to the higher power and the spirit world because it is very original and limited in existence. Comparing to othe r types of art which can be made and put on a wall or stored in a museum, the dance only exists while it is made. The modern technology has made it possible to record and store images but our family has had a very different view that has not changed with time. It is believed that in order for dancing to be fully understandable and felt, it must be played live. This is the reason why we never record dancing and try to add variations to it every time, so that there is a unique mood and output of feelings. Very far back in the history of our family, the dance was used by shamans and has been very influential on the mind and soul of people. Sometimes, dancing would be instrumental to put people into a trance or a hypnotic state.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is unfortunate that the majority of society forgot how to be a part of dance in such a way that it touches the inner being of an individual.  The oldest musical instrument that has been in our family is the flute and the dancing associated with the sounds it made. It goes back to five or six generations of relatives but in reality the traditional Chinese dance and flute dates back to ancient times because it was very easy to make and dance to it. The simple structure and making technique of the flute have proven to be extremely effective in creating easy listening and calming down sounds. It is a sort of long tube with a blowing hole and several holes on top that can be closed with fingers. Our particular flute is made from a rough looking wood and was not altered in any way, as it has been a part of family history. Originally, it was used by shepherds and other herdsmen. We believe that it was made by one of the shepherds in our family. While the sheep would be going around looking for the grass that is needed for their proper nutrition, the person would play the flute and dance, to p ass time and uplift the spirit. It is believed that it started even further in the past when people would use flute sounds to create a certain atmosphere for the sheep and the whole process of being out in the nature and connecting with the environment. This made them healthier and brought luck to people and animals in their prosperity and success. It was usually made from a young plant; it would be cut off and measured by the length of the arm of a person. If it was a young child or a man, the length would be different and this signified the connection between the musical instrument and the person. The shorter flute would create a distinct sound attributable to youth and beginnings, whereas the longer one, of an older man, would be linked with wisdom and long life full of health. Also, the holes would be made in such a way that fit the person who played, so each flute was very unique. It is known that our ancestors would dance to the flute in social settings as well. During family gatherings or community holidays, people would gather at home or in someone’s garden, eat food, drink wine and dance. The person who played the instrument and danced made the process enchanting and original each time. As there were no TVs, radios or any other technology that is present today, dancing and making music was a very common thing and people would be extremely good at it. The process was considered a special one, as it greatly differed from all other things that people did. Work was needed to feed the family; church was for religious purposes, and communal gatherings to decide on some matter, so all were related to the routine and everyday life.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Music and Dance as a Part of Our Culture specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But dancing to the naturally made music or making a new composition was the way people would communicate with their hearts and souls. There was nev er a negative or depressive mood around, when people played instruments, sang and danced. It was always associated with all the goodness that people have in them and the life seemed and became simpler and better adjusted to the circumstances of existence. The following is a chart that outlines the use of dancing to the flute and some other musical instruments, as well as the purposes when they were used. Musical instrument Person who played Reason/occasion Amount of people Types of people Dancing to the flute Member of a family Village/town musician Professional dancer/ musician Family gathering Personal holiday Birthday child birth Single family or with guests Close circle of relatives, sometimes friends Dancing to the drums Village medicine man or member of family Religious occasions and rituals Majority of village/town People of all kinds, mostly religious and those who believed Dancing to many instruments together A group or a gathering from different families Wedding P ublic holiday A large gathering, sometimes from close-by villages and towns Dance/musical professionals who have danced often and for a long time One of the specific stories that is told by the parents is about their great grandparents when they have just arrived into a new village because their previous one was destroyed by drought and heavy winds. As they were the newcomers, it was hard to adjust to life and people. Our great grandfather was a master at dancing and playing the flute and used it to their advantage. Every morning people would come out to the bazaar and bring whatever they had from their livestock or plants- milk, eggs, vegetables or fruits. To get acquainted with people and let them know that they were good people, he would come out every morning and go to the bazaar to dance and play the flute. His particular style was very unique because he would not just start out playing dancing to any melody and continue all the time. He would observe people and adjust to th e situation and settings with the dance moves and sounds of the flute. If someone was sad he would dance and play a cheerful melody, if people had completed a trade or bargain, he would do a different dance and melody. He often made people laugh because he was a great observer and could comprehend what people needed. Through stories such as this, dancing to the flute has become a part of the family and the legacy that has been passed down through generations. It has become a relic and it is important that every member can dance and play at least one melody, as respect to our ancestors.

Enhance HR & Fin communication Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17500 words

Enhance HR & Fin communication - Thesis Example Details of each chapter can be described in the following manner. The section will be added after completion of the project, therefore, this section will be written in past tense. Purpose of the project will be defined and sub research objectives will also be briefed in this section. Then, brief about selected research methodology will be given. Key findings of this research paper will also discussed. At the end part, 4 to 5 keywords will be added. Mainly first and second headings will be used throughout the paper and these headings will be highlighted in the table of contents part. Reference list (Works Cited for MLA) and appendices will also be added in the table of contents. Separate list of tables and figures used in the research paper will also be added after table of contents. In this section, background of the research problem titled as â€Å"Communication between Human resource Division and Finance Division in Department of Transport for the government of Abu Dhabi† will be developed. In simple words, objectives as well as necessity of this project will be stated. Theoretical arguments of different research scholars will be used to develop context/background of the research problem. In order to connect the research problem with Department of Transportation – Abu Dhabi (DoT), brief discussion will be added. However, introduction of the company will not be added. Considering suggestion of your supervisor, mission statement or value proposition of the Department of Transportation – Abu Dhabi (DoT) will be intentionally ignored in the introduction section. Gap in the literature review regarding the research problem will be highlighted in order to establish importance of the research project. Identifying gap in the literature will help t he study to justify the selection of the research topic. For example, the gap

The importance of having a strategic procurement plan Essay

The importance of having a strategic procurement plan - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that procurement planning as noted by Sanjay is a dynamic process that needs input from different groups of professionals. Therefore John recommends that strategic procurement and planning in an organization should be performed by a multidisciplinary team established particularly for the duty, with the involvement of various technical and management professional who is experienced in procurement and supply management of strategic health supplies. Where necessary, the procurement planning team might request expertise and advice from certain advisors.   The multidisciplinary team is established to make sure that the planning process is not interrupted. The responsibilities of the team are not merely limited to the planning of the products, rather it as well involves monitoring, evaluation, and implementation of the strategic procurement plan. The procurement of health products such as medicines in a healthcare organization requires full kno wledge of the supply system, the sister organizations and other institutions involved. To make sure that there is a continuous availability of products within the organization, the procurement planning team of the organization, has to formulate, coordinate, carry out and monitor the entire procurement process. The team should perform a quick situation evaluation of the supply system to establish possible problems and bottlenecks that could negatively impact the availability of products within the main organization and sister organizations. As explained by Sanjay medicines supply system is cyclic in its nature whereby each task is supported by the past task and leads systematically to the next. Supposing each task is carried out independently of one another instead of being an element of an integrated system, the result is increases in costs, frequent stock shortages and deterioration in the quality of patient care. A good example of this aspect can be viewed in the needs estimation process when there is accurate, well-written and regularly updated epidemiological accounts and information on the use of the product and purchases might become more accurate, efficient and timely.

The Preservation of Free

The Preservation of Freedom Essay This paper, using work from JP Sartre and Nikolai Berdyaev, will attempt a detailed explanation of existentialism relative to the formula, â€Å"existence before essence,† the defining creed, so to speak, of the existentialist movement. With Sartre, the central idea is freedom leads to torture and pain. For Berdyaev, creativity is the antidote to this pain. Creativity is to Berdyaev what Marxism became to Sartre, a way out. It seems only rational to treat these two famous existentialists as complimentary to each other. The purpose behind existentialism, in its widest meaning, is to preserve freedom in the 20th century, a century saturated with totalist movements that sought to make the human person a mere cog in a larger machine: capitalism, Leninism, Hitlerism and even globalism seek ends and goals outside the person, in the name of abstract historical forces that the individual person will help bring about (Flynn, 2006, 1-11ff). Existentialism is a rebellion against the 20th century for that reason. Philosophy should concern itself with the individual, not with â€Å"social forces† or â€Å"historical destiny. † 1. In the work of JP Sartre, freedom is not a destiny, but the fundamental fact of mankind. This fact cannot be denied. Ideology, theology, metaphysics and even psychology are means of denying this freedom, blaming other people, structures and social life or even history for the problems deriving from the choices that individuals make. This is the essence of Sartre: freedom is a curse, but a worse curse is denying that freedom in the name of some other end, some end dictated by â€Å"historical forces. † In the 21st century, such problems have not been solved, and the ego is as under siege as it has always been (Flynn, 2006, 67-69). For Sartre, freedom, ego and consciousness are one in the same object. What typifies all of these three is instability. What typifies bad faith is the desire to end this instability by attaching one’s ego to ideological objects that purport to â€Å"solve† the problem of human, historical existence. Instability and a lack of both satisfaction and community are the two hallmarks of freedom and the human condition. It is absurd precisely in that there is no solution. But if ego, consciousness and freedom are all one object, what does that mean for human behavior? It means that man is the choices he makes. Man is self created. But in this creation, man is fully responsible for what he has become in this struggle. There are no excuses. The specific argument from Sartre looks like this: a. Man is absolutely free. This means that consciousness can abstract from any object in space, or any object that exists in the consciousness of the individual itself. These are also one and the same thing. b. This means that objects exist only for consciousness. It matters not if some objects exist in themselves or not (a concept dealt with more below), but rather only that they exist for the person in question. Objects exist, then, only to the extent they are objects of consciousness, not whether or not they exist in themselves. But this further means that man creates himself, and that he creates the objects in consciousness. c. So if man is freedom, and objects exist only to the extent they exist for consciousness (and hence derive from the person, not from the outside world), then man not only creates himself, but also the world outside the self. What this leads to is torture. This is because, as man is responsible for what she becomes, and can make no excuses for this, there are no real guides, and hence, there is 100% responsibility with 0% knowledge of what is right and wrong. This is another reason life is absurd (McCulloch, 1994, 17. ) But the human person is aware that there are objects that come into consciousness, but sometimes, objects appear to be â€Å"outside† the ego’s control. In other words, that objects seem to be â€Å"brute givens,† objects in space that harm the person’s freedom in that they seem to control themselves. This is another form of torture, in that the ego is aware of its complete freedom, and yet is confronted with other objects (especially other egos) that seem to resist our control. But, like Hegel, this slowly begins to develop into some inchoate idea of community, but this is far into the future. In our case, this confrontation only really has two choices, neither of which is really pleasant: first, love. Love is unpleasant in that it is the appropriation of the other, the absorption of the other into one’s world. This is similar to Hegel’s slave/master dialectic that eventually leads to the consciousness of some form of primitive community. But for Sartre, while community is possible, it can only be reached through pain and torture. But the second way of dealing with other egos is sadism: domination, the master/slave dialectic of Hegel. In this latter option, the other ego is not seen as manifesting pure freedom, but rather being a mere object. But given the epistemology above, the object is space is what consciousness/freedom makes it, and hence, objectification or love has no moral basis, it is merely two ways of dealing with â€Å"facticity. † Both are consistent with existentialism and the idea that freedom exists prior to objects. This is another and more accurate way of saying â€Å"existence before essence. † (Sartre, 2007, 22) But the phrase â€Å"existence before essence,† by now, should be clear that both words of this couplet are misnomers. There is really no stable existence in that existence is pure freedom. The ego is free in a radical sense of being determined by nothing (including internal reasons), but, given this, there is no essence either. Freedom is not a thing that can be analyzed. It is a state, the state of all human existence (or at least, of mine). From this, one can conclude that there is no â€Å"creation,† no real external world, and hence, no god to create it (Jones, 1980, 235-236). What I am confronted by in the world are objects that seem to restrict my freedom, and I am to dominate them one way or another, either through love or though objectification. It seems that both of these are one and the same thing: both are objectified, the beloved object and the objectified object. Both of these options are about objectification and absorption: the beloved is taken into the world of the lover without regard to the beloved’s ideas of the matter, and the victim of the sadist is also an object, an object through which the ego expresses its domination over all objects presented to it. Putting it more directly, man has only an adversarial and alien existence on earth. There is no intrinsic purpose to human life and what is worse, that postulating kinds of purposes are always the best examples of bad faith and intellectual dishonesty (Levy, 2003, 166ff).

C ++ Language :: essays research papers

C++ Programming Language C++ is a universal programming language, which considerably eases and comforts the work of a professional programmer. Roundly, C++ is an enhancement of C programming language: C++ offers flexible and effective tools of determination of new data types, which help programmer to split up his work into a number of easily controlled parts. Custom data types can be composed into some objects (called classes), specified by the programmer. Such objects are simple and reliable to be used in the situations, when data types are hard to be defined on the stage of compiling. Programming by using such objects is called Object Oriented Programming, and C++ is one of the most popular OOP languages. Origin of C++ takes source from programming languages of â€Å"C with Classes†, which have been developing during early 80th at the AT&T Bell Labs. â€Å"C with Classes† has been used for big projects of modeling and testing of opportunities in programming, which required minimum of process memory and time. But â€Å"C with Classes† was not satisfying with its lack of virtual functions and links, and that is why the specialists borrowed some features and tools (like classes) from another programming language, Simula. The name â€Å"C++† has been invented by Rick Mascitti in autumn 1983; it indicates an evolutional transformation from C to C++, because â€Å"++† symbolizes the function of increment in C. Since C++ must be classified as an extension of C programming language, it did not receive a name of a higher level group of languages, â€Å"D†. Early versions of C++ proved to be efficient for solving of growing complexity of the programming problems. Standard version of C++, released in 1998, includes the Core of the language and Standard Template Library, a modified version of C Library. C++ presented a lot of new functions and opportunities for a programmer. First of all, those are features of managing with the classes, like constructors, virtual functions, or implementation of encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism, and inheritance. Besides, C++ offers some improvements in the very programming operations, like using declarations, namespaces, function overloading, default arguments, function-like casts, run-time type identification, inline functions, and many others. Design of C++ is modern and convenient, besides, C++ supports various programming styles (like OOP, data abstraction, etc.). The main advantage of C++ is its object orientation. Strategy of OOP helps to develop a great variety of software and to satisfy growing needs of modern programming.

Residual Stress

INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESSES ON FATIGUE FAILURE OF BUTT WELDED STAINLESS STEEL PIPE Areef A Department of Mechanical Engineering Chendhuran college of Engineering and technology Pudhukkottai, Tamilnadu [email  protected] com Abstract— This project is aimed to understand the influence of residual stresses on the fatigue failure of butt welded stainless steel pipe joints. In order to carry out this study it requires an experimental fatigue failure data and a computer aided analysis of these results. A finite element scheme will be developed to simulate the residual stress in weld using the experimental data.A Thermo-elasto-plastic analysis will be used to replicate the butt welded pipe joint and the residual stress will be determined. Residual stress that arises in welded joints by heating and cooling cycles during the welding process is another major factor in fatigue failure of welded structures. Welding residual stresses might lead to a drastic reduction in the fatigue st rength of welded elements. In multi cycle fatigue (N > 106 cycles), the effect of residual stresses can be comparable to the effect of stress concentration.The effect of residual stresses on the fatigue life of welded elements are significant as regards relieving harmful tensile residual stresses and introducing beneficial compressive residual stresses in the weld toe zones. The fatigue failure can be classified in to two categories based on the number of cycles taken to fail. A. High cycle fatigue High-cycle fatigue is when the number of cycles to failure is large, typically when the number of cycles to failure, Nf is greater than 103. B. Low cycle fatigue Low- cycle fatigue is when the number of cycles to failure is small, typically when the number of cycles to failure, Nf is less than 103.III. RESIDUAL STRESS ON WELD Residual stresses can be defined as the stresses that remain within a material or body after manufacture and material processing in the absence of external forces or thermal gradients. They can also be produced by service loading, leading to inhomogeneous plastic deformation in the part or specimen. Residual stresses can be defined as either macro or micro stresses and both may be present in a component at any one time. They can be classified as: Macro residual stress that develop in the body of a component on a scale larger than the grain size of the material.Micro residual stresses that vary on the scale of an individual grain. I. INTRODUCTION Welding has a number of detrimental effects on the structural integrity and in-service performance of the weldments. These detrimental effects are due to imperfections induced by the welding in the weldments, of which the structural shape change behavior, residual stresses and the weld solidification cracks are reported to have very severe degrading effects on the mechanical strengths and possibly can lead to catastrophic failure.Fatigue is a type of fracture that occurs in welds that are subjected to c hanging or varying stresses over time. Fatigue is mainly caused by the environment in which the welded joints are utilized. Fatigue fracture is a ductile fracture, and therefore occurs by non-uniform plastic deformation. Micro cracks and voids form after a certain number of cycles and grow proportional to the number of cycles eventually grow large enough to overcome recovery mechanisms and move quickly to fracture. The rate of this crack nucleation is proportional to the frequency of the applied stress.II. FACTORS IN FATIGUE FAILURES Fatigue failures of welded joint are initiated by many factors, such as stress concentration, environment, loading and residual stresses. Stress concentration is mainly caused by the geometrical discontinuity and thus initiates fatigue crack at the locations of discontinuity. Stress concentration may also result from weld defects and metallurgical discontinuity. Fatigue strength of weld component may also be significantly affected by the environment, su ch as oxygen, sulfur, and temperature.In addition to the axial stresses in the piping systems reduction in fatigue life also takes place by multiaxiality of loading or stresses. Micro residual stresses that exist within a grain, essentially as a result of the presence of dislocations and other crystalline defects. IV. CAUSES OF RESIDUAL STRESS Residual stresses are generated during most manufacturing processes involving material deformation, heat treatment, machining or processing operations such as welding, machining, grinding, and rod or wire drawing etc.It is possible to classify the origin of residual stresses in the following way: 1. 2. 3. Differential plastic flow Differential cooling rates Phase transformations with volume changes are one of the main factors leading to the origination and propagation of fatigue cracks in welded elements. The residual stresses in the welded joints are formed as the result of differential contractions which occur as the weld metal solidifies an d cools to ambient temperature. In fact, welding introduces high heat input to the material being welded.As a result of this, non-uniform heat distributions, plastic deformations and phase transformations occur on the material. These changes generate different residual stresses patterns for weld region and in the heat affected zone (HAZ). Residual stresses induced by shrinkage of the molten region are usually tensile. Transformation induced residual stresses will cause more critical phase transformations. When the effect of phase transformations is dominant compressive residual stresses are formed in the transformed areas.Tensile residual stresses are detrimental to the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks. Weld fatigue failure is often particularly sensitive to residual stress due to stress concentrations induced by the weld joint geometry and weld imperfections. Welding residual stress acts as a booster to the fatigue problem. Hence, crack growth rate becomes considerably highe r in the weld vicinity compared to that far from weld. The fatigue failure mechanism in the presence of weld residual stress is not well understood and it is the intent of this project to explore this mechanism.However, to quantify the effects of welding residual stresses in the design stage, one has to numerically simulate its distribution and redistribution and possible relaxation in a structure due to cyclic loading. This requires the need for a robust, reliable and numerically efficient method for modeling residual stresses. Previous studies reveals that depending upon mean stress, stress amplitude, and stress ratio of uni axial cycle stressing and two kinds of failures ratcheting failure and fatigue failure. Figure 3.Explains the variation of ratcheting strain with stress amplitude. In which we shall see that stress increases apparently with the increase in nominal stress amplitude. It implies that the effect of nominal stress amplitude on ratcheting is more significant than me an nominal stress. The variation of mean stress with ratcheting strain is explained in figure 4. In which we shall see that ratcheting strain also has an increasing trend with the mean nominal stress up to a particular limit. V. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUESWelding residual stresses are generated in a structure as a consequence of local plastic deformations introduced by local temperature history consisting of a rapid heating and subsequent cooling phase. During the welding process, the weld area is heated up sharply compare to the surrounding area and fused locally. The material expands as a result of being heated. The heat expansion is restrained by the surrounding cooler area, which gives rise to thermal stresses. The thermal stresses partly exceed the yield limit, which is lowered at elevated temperatures.Consequently, the weld area is plastically hot-compressed. After cooling down too short, too narrow or too small comparing to the surrounding area, it develops tensile residual stres s, while the surrounding areas are subjected to compressive residual stresses to maintain the self-equilibrium The distribution of residual stresses in a welded pipe is more complex, Fig. 1 shows the possible expansion and shrinkage in a butt welded pipe. In this case, shrinkage of the weld in the circumferential direction induces circumferential force, F, shearing force, Q, and bending moments, M, to the pipe.Figure. 2 shows a characteristic residual stress profile on a low carbon steel welded component. Also the distribution of residual stresses in a pipe is affected by many factors such as diameter, wall thickness of the pipe, weld geometry, and welding procedure. From the graphical plot we shall see that the maximum value of the harmful residual stress is about 360 N/mm2 (tensile stress) near the welding line and it decreases to be about 165 N/mm2 at the distance of 80 mm from the welding axis.The minimum residual stress is about 90 N/mm2 near the welding line and it becomes abo ut 60 N/mm2 in compression at the instance of about 60 mm, then it reduces to about 10 N/mm2 in tension at 80 mm distance from the axis. Such high tensile residual stresses are the result of thermoplastic deformations during the welding process and A. Sample Used The material used for the study is stainless steel material of grade SS304. The material is chosen because of its following properties. It has an excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of atmospheric environments and many corrosive media.Considering its heat resistant property it is not suitable to use in a range of 425-860 °C if subsequent aqueous corrosion resistance is important. This material has excellent weld ability by all standard fusion methods, both with and without filler metals. Welding of 304 can be done with Grade 308 and 308L rods or electrodes (and with their high silicon equivalents). Heavy welded sections in Grade 304 may require post-weld annealing for maximum corrosion resistance. Tensile Stren gth (MPa) min 515 Yield Strength 0. 2% Proof (MPa) min 205 Elongation (% in 50mm) min 40 Rockwell B (HRB) max 92 Brinell (HB) max 201D. Finite element analysis Most of the residual stress studies were conducted based on either axi symmetric or 2D plane assumptions due to the limitations of the finite element codes and computer resources available during the time of the study. Moreover, the thermo-mechanical problem was assumed to be uncoupled where the thermal and mechanical responses were treated separately. Furthermore fatigue failure usually initiate at the stress concentration area and fatigue loading is usually not axi symmetric, and hence a two dimensional model can not simulate the fatigue failure response of weld joints accurately.In order to simulate the fatigue response of welded joints in the presence of residual stresses, it is essential to conduct a three-dimensional analysis. Figure 5. Illustrates the solid and FE model of the specimen RESULT AND DISCUSSION 3D finite e lement fatigue response analyses for a socketwelded joint were performed by using ANSYS. This is needed in order to include the calculated residual stress and strain fields as the initial stresses and strains in the fatigue analysis. A fixed boundary condition at the socket end is imposed.Same finite element mesh and the material model used in the residual stress analysis, are restricted to be used in the fatigue analysis. The following are some of the discussions we found out after the comparative experiments on Fatigue machine and computer aided simulation. High tensile residual stresses, at or above the yield stress level, exist near the weld toe area, especially at the weld start/stop location. The magnitude of the residual stresses reduces quickly as the distance from the weld toe increases. The residual stress distribution does not change much when the slip-on gap in the socket weld joint is reduced to zero.Hence, the increase in fatigue life of socket welds with no slip-on ga p is unrelated to residual stress. The improvement in fatigue life may come from the change in failure mode, which in turn, may be influenced by the change of the external load stress or strain distribution. REFERENCES [1] Guozheng Kang, Yugie Liu, and Zhao Li â€Å"Experimental study on ratchetting-fatigue interaction of SS304 stainless steel in uni-axial cyclic stressing† – International journal of Materials Science and engineering, Volume 435, 2006, Pages 396-404. N. S. Rossini, M. Dassisti , K.Y. Benyounis, A. G. Olabi â€Å"Methods of measuring residual stresses in components† International journal of Materials and Design, Volume 35, 2012, Pages 572–588. Y. Kudryavtsev and J. Kleiman â€Å"Fatigue of Welded Elements: Residual Stresses and Improvement Treatments† Integrity Testing Laboratory Inc. 80 Esna Park Drive, Units 7-9, Markham, Canada presented paper in the year 2005. Z. Barsoum â€Å"Residual stress analysis and fatigue of multi-pass welded tubular structures†International journal of Engineering Failure Analysis, Volume 15, 2008, Pages 863–874. M.Farajian-Sohi, Th Nitschke-Pagel, K â€Å"Residual stress relaxation in welded joint under static and cyclic loading† Issued from International Centre for Diffraction Data 2009 ISSN 1097-0002. Grade 304 Table. 1 Mechanical property of SS grade 304 Elastic modulus (Gpa) 193 Thermal conductivity (W/m. K) 16. 2 Specific heat (J/kg. K) 500 Electrical resistivity (ohm) 720 Grade Density (kg/m3) 304 8000 Table. 2 Physical property of SS grade 304 B. Stainless steel welding Methods There are three methods of stainless steel welding which are preferred over the rest.Metal Inert Gas (MIG) welding, Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding, and Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). Stainless steel welding requires a bit more finesse than welding mild steel or aluminum, because heat is an enemy in this process. Also the fumes made from any of these processes are very harmf ul, and great care must be taken to avoid breathing them. TIG welding utilizes a tungsten welding electrode, a filler metal rod and an inert gas to shield the weld. This welding method requires little or no post-weld finishing. The tungsten tip in the welding torch is touched to the material to be welded.This creates an arc that the welder dips the filler metal rod into and allows it to melt into the welding puddle. The shielding gas prevents contamination from entering the weld and allows the weld to flow out smoothly. Heat is controlled through a foot switch. So the suggested welding method is TIG welding. C. Fatigue test Butt welded piping joints were tested in a cantilever setup. In these test the welded joint to be tested is located near the heavy and stiff support column. The fatigue loading cycle is applied to the other end of the pipe using the actuator of a servo- hydraulic testing machine through a pin end fixture setup.The pin end fixture consists of a self-aligning ball bearing and a pin, which is snugly fitted to the ball bearing and tightly attached to the end fixture. One of the pin end fixtures is tightly screwed to the actuator rod and the other welded to the specimen. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] D. Akbari, I. Sattari-Far Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran â€Å"Effect of the welding heat input on residual stresses in butt-welds of dissimilar pipe joints† International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Volume 86, 2009, Pages 769–776. [7] B. Brickstad, B. L.Josefson â€Å"A parametric study of residual stresses in multi-pass butt-welded stainless steel pipes† International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Volume 75, 1998, Pages 11-25. Figure 3. Relation between ratcheting strain with stress amplitude Figure 4. Relation between ratcheting strain with Mean stress Figure 1. Distribution of longitudinal fillet weld Residual stress on a butt welded pipe Figure 5. Solid model (a) and FE model (b) of welded pipe Figure 2. Distribution of longitudinal fillet weld on a carbon steel welded component Axial residual tress distribution in a buttwelded joint

Funding For Construction Projects Increase With Lower...

One year before Hurricane Katrina, it was reported that 4,663 of the 14,008 worked within the neighborhood. As 2011, 1192 which was about half the population worked in the neighborhood. The majority of the current jobs within the neighborhood are located on the boundary line of St. Claude. Others are employed in nearby neighborhoods such as the upper ninth ward, and bear by parish of St. Bernard. These jobs are mostly minimum wage with 27.9% of the 2011 population earning less than $1250 a month which is a decrease from the 42% of the 2004 population. 50.6% earn up to $3,333 and 68.7% above the poverty line as of 2012 (Lower Ninth Ward Statistical Area). There are a few active signs of the building of new business. The 31.3% poverty of the population shows evidences that there is still a need for services, employment, and resources for this community. Research shows that since Mitch Landrieu took office in 2010, funding for construction projects increase with Lower Ninth Ward first on its list. The funding was as follows: $60 million for street repairs, $50 million for rebuilding schools and $14.5 million for a new community center. As of 2012 there was little sign of new construction for this neighborhood (Parker, 2012). However, there is evidence that more families are returning, moving in, and people are taking pride in the community. This is evident in the increase of Community Gardens, small number of bilged homes removal, rebuilding of family homes, and a small numberShow MoreRelatedQuebec Bridge Collapse2727 Words   |  11 Pagesby 30 meters of any bridge built to date. The Quebex Bridge design was based on a cantilever bridge which was consider by engineers to suitable for the environmental conditions over the St. Lawrence River. 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