Computers and Technology :: Technology Essays

Computers and TechnologyOne of the just ab egress pivotal technological moments that I bottom remember from my academic career is the first research project that I had to do early in naughty school when the internet was considered a valid resource. My school had just established an internet connection, and instead of going to the card catalog in the library, in that respect was a rush for the computers. Encyclopedias and periodical guides had been usurped by this relatively new network of information, and it has changed the way that students do research. Why settle for a couple of magazine articles and a give in a library with limited resources when the World Wide Web offers an almost limitless supply of information on almost e truly emergence known to man? tender beings have been able to perform extensive research on a subject ever since the printed word came into the daily sprightliness of scholars, but the advent of the cyberculture geological era has given us a completel y new tool that has both its advantages and disadvantages in the pursuit of companionship. The i thing that can be said for authoritative though is that research, whether sparked by casual curiosity or a deadline for a thesis, will never be the same. Until the last decade or so, the bastion of knowledge and information was that building full of books that was known as the library. Print, in the form of books, magazines, newspapers, journals, encyclopedias, atlases, etc., was the primary source for information on more or less any subject. Even communication about information was exchanged with printed words on paper or handwritten letters. Then, something strange happened, and all of a sudden, you cannot decree a library in a school anymore, there is only the media center. The media center is still a place to gather information, but now computers search to overshadow the bookshelves. A dinky school with only a few hundred books is very limited in what topics it ca n cover, but place one computer in there with an internet connection and it opens a flood of information on everything from socialist realism to belly button lint. As Steven Johnson points out in his article Links, the very nature of the web, with its links that carry the user from one source of information to the other, provides something that seekers of information have never seen before.Computers and Technology Technology EssaysComputers and TechnologyOne of the most pivotal technological moments that I can remember from my academic career is the first research project that I had to do early in high school when the internet was considered a valid resource. My school had just established an internet connection, and instead of going to the card catalog in the library, there was a rush for the computers. Encyclopedias and periodical guides had been usurped by this relatively new network of information, and it has changed the way that students do research. Why settle for a couple of magazine articles and a book in a library with limited resources when the World Wide Web offers an almost limitless supply of information on almost every topic known to man? Human beings have been able to perform extensive research on a subject ever since the printed word came into the daily life of scholars, but the advent of the cyberculture era has given us a completely new tool that has both its advantages and disadvantages in the pursuit of knowledge. The one thing that can be said for sure though is that research, whether sparked by casual curiosity or a deadline for a thesis, will never be the same. Until the last decade or so, the bastion of knowledge and information was that building full of books that was known as the library. Print, in the form of books, magazines, newspapers, journals, encyclopedias, atlases, etc., was the primary source for information on virtually any subject. Even dialogue about information was exchanged with printed words on paper or ha ndwritten letters. Then, something strange happened, and all of a sudden, you cannot find a library in a school anymore, there is only the media center. The media center is still a place to gather information, but now computers seem to overshadow the bookshelves. A small school with only a few hundred books is very limited in what topics it can cover, but place one computer in there with an internet connection and it opens a flood of information on everything from socialist realism to belly button lint. As Steven Johnson points out in his article Links, the very nature of the web, with its links that carry the user from one source of information to the other, provides something that seekers of information have never seen before.

Performance Enhancing Supplements Essay -- Steroids Illegal Drugs Heal

Performance Enhancing SupplementsNortheastern junior Colin Magee is like some other athletic students around campus. He played sports in high school and now lifts weights at the Marino Center, Northeasterns multi-million dollar workout center, several times a week. Also like many other weight-lifting students, Magee takes performance-enhancing supplements.Performance-enhancing supplements ar nutrients that, unlike anabolic steroids, be available over the counter at countless supermarkets and nutrition stores nationwide. Supplements such as androstenedione (andro), creatine, tetrahydrogestrinone (THG), and NO2 are the most democratic in todays market, and are used to improve muscle gain. They are taken to coincide with a weight-lifting program. The supplements, though all similar, differ in the way each works once inside the body.Creatine is the most moderate of the supplements out there, says Magee, an amateur expert on supplement and steroid use. Magees baby is a professional bod ybuilder. Creatine creates water retention in muscles, basically bloating the muscles to increase strength...NO2, nitric oxide, is what they call a hemo-dialator, which is a business line widener. NO2 creates more blood flow in the body, makes the blood pump harder, which creates increased strength... Andro tricks the body into thinking it is not producing enough testosterone, so it causes the body to overproduce the testosterone hormone.While supplements are exchange over the counter, anabolic steroids, which are illegal in the United States, are not. Despite this, anabolic steroid use has been rising in recent years. A 1989 study by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) showed that roughly one in every 20 collegiate student-athlet... ...ds, and more and more teenagers are seeing their idols admit to taking supplements and steroids and think its okay if they did too. In todays world, where skinny girls are prettier and bulky guys are more handsome, teenagers and co llege students are under more pressure to conform to these social norms, and if someone is under pressure, they are more apt to turn to other unnatural methods to better their results and appearance.The swear out to this problem is an increase of awareness. If people were aware of the real risks of these supplements or the long term effects of taking steroids, then maybe, just maybe, todays juvenility will turn away from these supplements and steroids. Maybe, just maybe, todays youth will realize that maybe taking those supplements isnt really worth it later all. Maybe, just maybe, they will choose their health over their appearance.

Malcolm X Essay -- rights of African Americans

      A black militant, Malcolm X championed the rights of African Americans and urged them to develop racial unity. He was known for his association first with the Nation of Islam, sometimes known as the Black Muslims, and later with the Organization of Afro-American Unity, which he founded after breaking with the Nation of Islam. Malcolm Little was born in Omaha, Neb., on whitethorn 19, 1925, the seventh of eleven children. The family soon moved to Lansing, Mich. There they were harassed by whites who resented the black nationalist views of the father, Earl Little, an organizer for Marcus Garveys "back-to-Africa" movement. When Malcolm was 6 his father was murdered. His mother later suffered a nervous breakdown, and the family was separated by welfare agencies. Later in his life Malcolm came to believe that white people had destroyed his family. Placed in a serial publication of take aims and boardinghouses, Malcolm became a fine student and dreamed of becoming a lawyer. A teacher, however, told him that because he was black he should learn carpentry instead. Discouraged, he left school after the eighth grade to live with a relative in Boston, Mass.Malcolm shined shoes and worked at a soda fountain, in a restaurant, and on a railroad kitchen crew. In 1942 he moved to the black Harlem section of New York City. He lived as a hustler, cheating to make money. He was wary of the police. A pusher, he sold drugs and became an addict himself. Pursued by a riva...

Why Software Systems Fail Essay -- Software Systems Computers Technolo

Why Softw be Systems Fail 1.0 IntroductionIn this report I will be concentrating on the failure of package placements. To understand why software systems fail we need to understand what are software systems. software package systems are a cause of information system. This is because a software system is basically a means for hardware to process information. Flynns definition of an information system isAn information system provides procedures to record and make available information, concerning part of an organization, to assist organization-related activities.Humans have been processing information manually for thousands of years, but with the vast increase of demand for cognition this century has meant that a new method of information processing has been needed. Software systems have provided a new means that is much faster and efficient. As a result a huge number of organisations have become software dependent. Some of these systems are used to safeguard the lives of many peo ple. This means that if these systems were to fail they could flatus to devastating consequences. Here are some examples of where software systems are used heavily and could be very dangerous if they were to fail - aviation, hospitals, space exploration, nuclear forefinger stations and communications. I will be looking at some examples of actual software failure in these fields to explain the reasons why systems fail.2.0 Reasons for Systems FailureIf software systems failure arse be so dangerous why can they not be completely eliminated? According to Parnas, The main reason is that software can never be guaranteed to be 100% reliable. Software systems are discrete-state systems that do not have repetitive structures. The mathematical functions that describe the behaviour of software systems are not continuous, and traditional engineering mathematics do not help in their verification. In other words some software can be so large that thorough testing can be almost impossible and s o bugs in the software can go unnoticed. An example of this was when an Atlas-Agena uprise veered off-course when it was ninety miles up. Ground control had to destroy the $18.5 rocket. The reasons for this - a missing hyphen. However there are many more reasons for software systems failure, and most of them are imputable to human negligence that leads to software failure. There are two types of software systems... ...e held responsible for the actions of the organisation. 4.0 BibliographyFlynn, Donal J. Information Systems Requirements Determination and Analysis McGraw-Hill Book Company 1992Parnas 1985 taken from Sherer, Susan A. Software Failure Risk Measurement and Management Plenum Press 1992Jones, Carpers Patterns of Software Systems Failure and Success Thomson computer press 1996Neumann, Peter G. ready reckoner Related Risks Addison-Wesley publishing guild 1995Petroski, Henry To Engineer is Human MacMillan Publishing 1985Flowers, Stephen Software failure management failur e Chichester John Wiley and Sons 1996.Report of the Inquiry into the London Ambulance Service February 1993. Simpson, Moira (1994) 999 My computers stopped breathing The Computer Law and Security Report, 10 March April pp 76-81Dr. Dobbs Journal January 1997 edition<a href=http//catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks>http//catless.ncl.ac.uk/Risks<a href=http//www.scit.wlv.ac.uk >http//www.scit.wlv.ac.uk <a href=http//www.bbc.co.uk/news>http//www.bbc.co.uk/news<a href=http//abcnews.go.com/sections/travel>http//abcnews.go.com/sections/travel

Black Humor in Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Cats Cradle Essays

Black Humor in Vonneguts Cats Cradle The phrase Black Humor has the broad meaning of poking fun at subjects considered insidious serious or even taboo by some2. This definition is simple, and yet embodies an important idea that is often lost in more hard definitions the idea that Black Humor can actually be fun, and provoke laughter. This is not, of course, the only important aspect of the term, and I shall explore some of the early(a) important defining features of Black Humor before moving on to discuss its use in Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle3. Many critics have attempted definitions of Black Humor, none of them entirely successfully. The most significant recurring features of these definitions are that Black Humor works with absurdity, ironic detachment4 opposing moral views held in equipoise, humanitys lack of a genius of purpose in the unpredictable nuclear age, the realization of the complexity of moral and aesthetic experience which affects the individuals ability to choo se a course of action5 and a contend with the readers ideas of reality6. On their own these elements dont make up what we understand as Black Humor. Combine all of these ideas with the generation of humor, particularly through incongruity, and as a method of releasing tension, 7 and I think that we are close to realizing the complexities of Black Humor. But perhaps the best definition of all comes from a Black humourist - Vonnegut himself. Black humorists holy wanderers find nothing but junk and lies and idiocy wherever they go. A chewing gum wrapper or a utilise condom is often the best they can do for a Holy Grail.8 What, then, are Vonneguts uses for Black Humor in his novel Cats Cradle? I remember he has three primary uses, which are entertainment furthering the novels themes and raising self-awareness in the reader. Entertainment Vonnegut believes that writers can influence peoples ideas profoundly. In one of his many speeches he verbalise the following We will become i nfluential when those who have listened to our myths have become influential. Those who are influential now are living in accordance with myths created for them by writers when they were young. It is perfectly clear that our rulers do not question those myths for even a minute during busy day after busy day. Let us solicit that those terribly influential writers who created those our leaders were humane.

Black Humor in Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Cats Cradle Essays

Black Humor in Vonneguts Cats Cradle The phrase Black Humor has the broad meaning of lick fun at subjects considered deadly serious or even taboo by some2. This definition is simple, and yet embodies an important idea that is often at sea in more complex definitions the idea that Black Humor can actu altogethery be fun, and provoke laughter. This is not, of course, the only important aspect of the term, and I shall explore some of the other important defining features of Black Humor before moving on to discuss its use in Kurt Vonneguts Cats Cradle3. Many critics provoke attempted definitions of Black Humor, n whizz of them entirely successfully. The most significant recurring features of these definitions are that Black Humor works with absurdity, ironic detachment4 opposing moral views held in equipoise, humanitys lack of a sense of purpose in the unpredictable nuclear age, the realization of the complexity of moral and aesthetic experience which affects the individuals abilit y to choose a course of action5 and a playing with the readers ideas of reality6. On their own these elements dont make up what we understand as Black Humor. Combine all of these ideas with the generation of humor, particularly by means of incongruity, and as a method of releasing tension, 7 and I think that we are close to realizing the complexities of Black Humor. But perhaps the best definition of all comes from a Black Humorist - Vonnegut himself. Black humorists holy wanderers find nothing but junk and lies and idiocy wherever they go. A chewing gum swathe or a used condom is often the best they can do for a Holy Grail.8 What, then, are Vonneguts uses for Black Humor in his sweet Cats Cradle? I believe he has three primary uses, which are entertainment furthering the novels themes and raising self-awareness in the reader. Entertainment Vonnegut believes that writers can influence peoples ideas profoundly. In one of his many speeches he stated the following We will become influential when those who have listened to our myths have become influential. Those who are influential now are alive in accordance with myths created for them by writers when they were young. It is perfectly clear that our rulers do not question those myths for even a minute during lively day after busy day. Let us pray that those terribly influential writers who created those our leaders were humane.

Listo Systems Essay

Listo Systems counselling decide to implement slow Box, a new anti theft data security system to tackle recent increase in data theft. The new anti theft system will turn the movement of data as sanitary as the working style of entire staffs. Cami Machado, an experienced staffs of Listo system who was handling traffic project and technical staff trainings and support is chosen to lead disconsolate Box installation project. Seeing her excellent track record to implement new hardware and software, company chose her to lead the project. She is excited about the business opportunities tone ending to create by installation of new desolate Box project. However, the installation process will not be easy, as it seems.She is confident about her power in successfully installing Black Box but worried about the staffs opposing the process of installation. Most of the technical staffs are against this project. Further, artists staffs believe that the gravid impact of this project wi ll be on creativeness process. In addition to this, installation of this project will increase the risk of loosing creative staffs to rivals who do not have Black Box technology.Causal variablesCausal variables are those factors that influence the course of developments within an government activity and its results or accomplishments. These variables are within the organizations control and can be altered by the organization (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2008). In this case, Black Box is the causal variables. This project has ability to influence Listo development process as well as the end results or accomplishments of Listo. Further, Black Box implementation decision is totally under control of Listo management and the decision of installation can be changed by the Listo management if they want to.Intervening variablesThe human resources that are affected by the decision of Listo System of implementing Black Box (Causal variable) are interpose variables (Hersey, Blanchard & Jo hnson, 2008). The current condition of most of the Listos technical staffs and artists staffs who are resisting the installation of Black Box are intervening variables in this condition. Most these intervening variables (technical and artists staffs) will opt to leave the Listo for competitors if there demand is overlooked.Potential output variablesPotential output variables are the thinkent variables that reflect the achievements of the organization (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2008). The extends to which the Black Box can control the hacking and data theft of Listo system will be the potential output variables. The output variables in this will depend on the proper installation of Black Box and the commitment and motivation shown by intervening variables (technical and artists staffs) towards the objective of this project.If I were CamiAfter thorough analysis of casual, intervening and end result variables, I have found that casual variable is central of three variables. Casua l variable create situation of intervening variables, which will have great impact on end results variables. Trying to change intervening variables will not change the end result variable by much rather difficult to change casual variables will be effective on both intervening and end result variables (Hersey, Blanchard & Johnson, 2008). In this case, trying to change the attitude of technical staffs and artists staffs will be much less effect on end results variables. Instead, I would rather request suggestion (help) from those apposing staffs on how to implement this new project to satisfy their complain. Modifying Black Box installation project according to their request will improve end result variables.If I were bossIf I were Cami boss, I would focus my time on motivation and controlling. The planning to install Black Box and organization require to install Black Box is already finished. Now, I have to focus all my attention on controlling that everything is going according t o the plan. If not, what controlling measure should I motivation to take to bring project on track. Further, to enhance efficiency, employees motivation is necessary. Being boss, it is my responsibilities to motivate employees to move forward to accomplishment of organization goals.

Explication of Adrienne Rich’s “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” Essay

Adrienne Rich did a wonderful job portraying the trials of abuse and battered women in this poem. These trials could possibly be explained by Rich being the niece of aunt Jennifer therefore, personal feelings are exposed throughout the piece. The speaker speaks in an admiring, sincere, tone and her sympathy is bare because she herself is a female. Richs poem, aunt Jennifers Tigers is about the trials of an older woman in distress because her marriage is in trouble, and she is too afraid to straggle her husband. The most apparent point in the poem is the ongoing contrast between the fictional tigers and Aunt Jennifer.The tigers represent a powerful character created by Aunt Jennifer through her needlework, which she uses as an escape. While the tigers move with certainty, Aunt Jennifers tigers prance across a screen (1). Aunt is nervous and afraid Aunt Jennifers fingers fluttering through her wool (5). Websters dictionary defines flutter as a condition of nervous agitation. Aunt is agitated and in a hurry to create the image of the tigers to get her mind off of her husband. Bright topaz denizens of a world of green (2) creates a feeling of greenery which represents the life history surroundings of the jungle where a tiger would be found. Line two shows the reader how Aunt describes the tigers home, while at the same term Aunt is in her home. The contrast is shown between Aunt Jennifer and the tigers through the attitude of the characters.Aunt Jennifer creates images of tigers because it gives a sense of protection against Aunts husband and tout ensemble men in her eyes. They do not fear the men beneath the trees (3), speaking of the tigers for their brave stand against the men, whereas the Aunt is scared of the men The massive slant of Uncles wedding band / Sits heavily upon Aunt Jennifers hand (7-8). The ring is made of metal and is not physically heavy, for it symbolizes her heavy hardships she has had with her husband. She fears the men, but she feels cleanse knowing the tigers are there to watch over her. The hand with the ring is also holding an ivory needle (6), which she uses to stitch the tigers. Ivory is thought to be pure and heavenly, and she is using the needle to knit an image that represents safety. The tigers and the ivory are being used as diversionary tactics to cancel out thoughts of Aunt Jennifershusband.The poem in itself contains many literary devices that allow the reader to understand better what the author is trying to say. Alliteration is apparent throughout the correct poem. Sleek chivalric certainty (4) indicates the tigers are confident with themselves and fear nothing or nobody. Aunt Jennifers fingers fluttering (6) is an example of alliteration that shows the reader how bad she wants to finish the artwork. Prancing, proud (12) gives the reader a sense of the power of the tigers and how much of a threat they can be. The repetition of the consonants in parentage six and line twelve emphasis how strong Rich wanted those lines to be heard. As the poem rolls on, the reader notices a rhyme scheme that is very simple and clear to follow. Across a screen (1) and world of green (2) are examples of the rhyme in this poem. The rhyme scheme continues AABBCCDDEEFF. Tree (3) and certainty (4) are examples approximate rhyme. imagery is used to create the tigers, and symbolism created a character that Aunt Jennifer could never be.The third stanza speaks about what will happen when Aunt Jennifer passes away. When Aunt is dead, her terrified give will lie/ Still ringed with ordeals she was mastered by (9-10) Aunt Jennifer will lie in her deathbed wearing the ring that tainted her life. Until that day, she will notice finding things to get her mind off of her husband. The tigers in the panel that she made/ Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid (11-12) even when Aunt dies, the tigers she created will continue to conquer the men and will go on protecting all women who struggle the way she did .This twelve line poem is a bureau of all women who are treated with disrespect. Adrienne Rich uses many different devices to draw out her poem just as she wants it. The vivid word choice used in every line is symbolic throughout the entire poem. Line by line, Rich explains how a certain woman uses her hobby to create a character used to block out her trials with her husband. The story contrasts the tigers with the men and how anything can be defeated.

Evaluation of Orica in Terms of Environmental Concerns

Evaluation of Orica in footings of environmental concernsExecutive sum-upThis study will analyse the Oricas honest humans presentation and its fiscal statement in order to assist the investor to do informed determinations. The study focuses on the rating of the ethical issue associating to environmental concerns and the mass monetary place history everyplace last decennary. This study finds that Orica has some unethical issues on environment. Furthermore, it is found that Oricas great deal monetary value frozen increased limited, it is because of their late mean stock monetary value. Therefore, this study recommends that Orica may non be a good pick for investing due to its hapless ethical and fiscal public presentation.IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to measure Orica for client on the footing of ethical public presentation and fiscal statements. Ethical enthronization is defined as the commercial activities of those investings in the company, which do non hold nega tive effects on society and the environment ( Cambridge Business English Dictionary 2011, p.297 ) . It mode that earlier ethical investor makes investing determinations, they will see both ethical issues and fiscal return.Orica was established in 1874. Its chief merchandises atomic number 18 commercial explosives and blasting systems . Orica is the largest provider of mineral and infrastructural markets. Orica has more than 12,500 employees and its concern operates more than 100 states ( Orica 2015 ) . Harmonizing to Oricas 2014 one-year study ( 2015 ) , last twelvemonth it earned $ 602.5 million of Australia dollars.This study will melt off on two facets. The first portion is ethical issues associating to environmental concerns and the other portion is about the illustration of the portion monetary value history. This recommendation for the investor in this company is presented at the terminal of this study.Evaluation of Orica in footings of environmental concernsThe success of modern endeavors non merely depends on the company profitableness, environmental ethic s be besides the standards of the companys success. Environmental ethic means that worlds and the environment maintain the harmonious dealingss ( Jeffery, Michael ) . In other words, the successful company should accomplish environmental sustainability. Environmental sustainability means that the companys commercial activities cause no pollution and harm to the environment ( Slack et.al 2010, p. 634 ) . However, excavation and metal industry are inseparably with environmental devastation. Harmonizing to Biello ( 2011 ) , more than 4.7 million people are exposed to the injury of quicksilver for a long clip due to the pollution from excavation. Furthermore, this query besides shows that approximative 10 million to 20 million workers suffer from the amendss from their working environment, such as toxicant gases. Therefore, as the giant of excavation chemicals, the environmental issue is the challe nge to Orica.Oricas chief merchandises are mining chemicals that have negative consequence on environing environment and residents wellness. Groundwater taint is the chief issue that caused by Orica. Botany industrial park is one of the begrime sites, which is located in the Banksmeadow of Sydney and is merely 11 kilometres from the Sydney cardinal concern territory. From 1942 to 1980s, due to Oricas hapless environmental direction and waste intervention, about 16000 tones of hexachlorobenzene and a larger figure of Ethylene Dichloride were stored in Botany ( Suckling 2013 ) . Harmonizing to Chan ( 2006 ) , contaminations bit by bit contaminated dirts and underwater, which caused more than 1000 occupants suffer from the wellness menaces, such as the tegument, nervus, liver and kidneys harm. The contaminated H2O is a relentless organic pollutant, which could defy the biodegradation ( EPA ) .Furthermore, Oricas rubber eraser accidents occurred often, which made people disquieted. At the terminal of 2011, a twine of chemical leaks happened in Koorangang Island. In February 2012, another leak happened at Newcastle ( Harris 2013, Para. 1-3 ) . Particularly, the Koorangang incident was a terrible accident to the occupants who lived about the chemical works ( Kennedy 2014 ) . Harmonizing to Nicholls ( 2011 ) said that about 30 blocks of occupants suffered from the harm of hexavalent Cr gas which was released from the Oricas works. However, Orica reported this accident to the authorities until 17 hours after this incidents happened, which were an unacceptable hold. The toxicant gas release was a serious accident hence, Orica should be responsible for this accident instantly.Apparently, Orica tried to demo their best attitude to the populace and the media, like finishing the works to decide the pollution jobs. However, Orica really evaded the issues. It means that Orica did non pay adequate attending on the possible hazard during the take and the duty to the publ ic wellness. Therefore, the public presentation of Orica was non good on environmental moralss.Evaluation of Orica in footings of portion monetary value historyFigure 1 shows the portion monetary value of Orica from May 2005 to June 2015 ( Australian security exchange 2015 ) . The perpendicular axis indicates the portion monetary value in Australian dollars darn the horizontal axis represents old ages.Figure 1 Oricas portion monetary value May 2005 June 2015As can be seen from the graph, Oricas portion monetary value has increased by about $ 7 everywhere the past decennary, although it experienced many important fluctuations during that period. In May 2005, the portion monetary value of Orica was approximately $ 14.674 nevertheless, its monetary value increased reasonably by $ 8.976 in May 2006. Although, the portion monetary value fluctuates, it was still around $ 23 from April 2006 to February 2007. From March to April in 2007, there was a dramatic addition in portion monetary value of Orica from $ 22.332 to $ 30.454. This monetary value was the highest monetary value over the past decennary. This rise was caused by a private equity consortium intend to do investings to Orica ( Woolrich 2007 ) . From June 2008 to February 2009, portion monetary value decreased aggressively from $ 27.876 to the lowest point $ 12.369, which was due to the world-wide fiscal crisis in 2008 ( Orica 2009 ) . After that, Oricas portion monetary value increased well to $ 25.539 in April 2010. This growing was due to the fast growing of concern in emerging markets, such as China and Russia ( Orica 2010 ) . The portion monetary value was around $ 25.5 from April 2010 to the terminal of 2012. Then, the portion monetary value experienced a little addition to $ 26.76. It fell to $ 18.894 during February and August in 2013, which was due to deteriorating market conditions ( Wilkins 2013 ) . From the terminal of 2013 to show, Oricas portion monetary value rise with some fluctuations to $ 21.723.Overall, Oricas portion monetary value fluctuate wildly between 2007 and 2010, nevertheless, from 2010 to late, the portion monetary value has some different alteration, it ever around $ 22.25. Therefore, it could anticipate limited top for Orica s portion monetary value. Additionally, the restriction of this study is that this fiscal statement merely focuses on portion monetary value. testimonialIn drumhead, Oricas moralss public presentation is non good, because of some unethical issue in the environment concern. Although they ever has complete program to better the pollution, the hold is could non be acceptable. Furthermore, depend on the analysis of Oricas portion monetary value history, it can be seen that Oricas portion monetary value is addition in recent twelvemonth nevertheless, the rise is limited in the hereafter. Therefore, this study advised the investors carefully put this company.Therefore, this study advised the investors carefully put this company.Refe rence distinguishBiello, D 2011, World s 10 worst toxic pollution problems ,Scientific American, November 2011, viewed 5 June 2015, & A lt hypertext bump off protocol //www.scien tificamerican. com/article/10-worst-toxic-pollution-problems-slide-show/ & A gt .Cambridge Business English Dictionary2011, 1stedn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.Chan, N 2006, The Worst Groundwater Contamination Incident in the Southern Hemisphere- A Case Study of Oricas Botany Industrial Park, Pacific border Real Estate Society Annual Conference.Harris, M 2013, Issues persist at Orica plant ,Newcastle Herald,4 December, Para. 1 3, viewed 6 June 2015, Expanded Academic ASAP database.Kennedy, J 2014, Orica fined $ 768,000 over chemical spills and safety breaches in NSW ,ABC intelligence, July 2014, viewed 3 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.abc.net.au/ news/2014-07-28/company-orica-fined-over-chemical-spills-and-safety-breaches/5629974 & A gt .Nicholls, S 2011, Orica leak enquiry to concentrate on delays, The Sydney first light Herald,August 2011, viewed 10 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.smh.com.au/environment/orica-leak-inquiry-to-focus-on-delays-20110817-1iy7l.html & A gt .Woolrich, N 2007, Orica a coup detat target ,Australian Broadcasting Corporation,Australian Broadcasting Corporation, viewed 5 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.abc. net.au/lateline/business/items/200704/s1900884.htm & A gt .Wilkins, G 2013, Orica portions tumble after net income warning ,Business twenty-four hours,20 July, viewed 12 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.smh.com.au/business/orica-shares-tumble- after-profit-warning-20130719-2qa2t.html & A gt .Orica 2009,Annual Report 2009, viewed 7 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.orica.com/Investors/company-reports & A gt .Orica 2010,Annual Report 2010, viewed 15 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.orica.com/Inve stors/company-reports & A gt .Orica 2015,Annual Report 2014, viewed 3 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.orica.com/Investors/company-reports & A gt .Slack, N, Chambers, S, Johnston, R, 2010,OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT,6Thursdayedn, Pearson Education Limited, United Kingdom.Suckling, L 2013, Residents near Botany Industrial Park and Port Botany fright safety ,The quotidian Telegraph, July 2013, viewed 5 June 2015, & A lt hypertext transfer protocol //www.daily tele graph.com.au/newslocal/city-east/residents-near-botany-industrial-park-and-port-botany-fear-safety/story-fngr8h22-1226679727083 & A gt , pp. 7-8.United States Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) ,Consumerdegree Fahrenheitactsheet on Hexach lorobenzene, viewed 5 June 2015.1Yujiang Pu ( Steven ) 35104

Belize Before and After Independence

Belize has evolved since its official declaration of Independence from the United Kingdom in 1981. Before independence BelizeBritish Honduraswas a country that was part of an Empire that was under the rule of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II. However because of the British strategy of acquiring territories lots(prenominal) as Belize, The United Kingdom would range on Belizes resources, and manipulate the country. This strategy left Belize crippled and underdeveloped. Prior to its Independence Belize had poor standards of living, poorly equipped schools, and below par social life.However infrastructural and scientific changes have proved to be the catalyst that have improved how people live, learn at school, and their social lives. Standards of living in Belize have changed drastically e reallywhere the years compared to the years before independence. The standards of living before independence were very low, al just about poverty level if you may say so. People still relied on wh at was available to them in order to try to live a prosperous life. Because of the nature of British Honduras Belize at that time development in the country was elfin or very slow.Most people lived in very poorly constructed supports, with no heed to appearance or color . They were either made of bush sticks or board cabins, that offered no real protection from the weather and its elements. Modern furnished houses were few at that time only necessities were most(prenominal) commonly found in houses such as a bed or sleeping mat and a seating room area. With a very basic kitchen most commonly found outside of the house fuelled by wood. Plumbing in those days was also very basic with mostly only cold water.Diet also differs from that of today. The years before independence food was mostly, food that was grown in backyard gardens by people markets were unusual. Most common foods in those times were mostly beans, sweet potato, cassava, potatoes, yams, and fowl raised in back yards such as chickens and ducks. On the contrary modern day Belize has been revolutionized country with improvements in standards of living. Houses these days are those of character and distinction.The internal of the houses is planned to detail with bedrooms with comfortable bedding, wardrobes and painted with its own unique color, bathrooms with showers with hot water, lounges indoor kitchens and attribute appliances that make almost every chore in the house a mere walk over. Most houses are now built from concrete, given a pitch of modern strong roofing, sparkling windows, astounding colors according to fondness and even a sanitary trimmed garden to finish of the look. Even though Wood cabins exist today are well built with quality and attention to the exterior is immaculate. The even have glass windows, doors and even electricityThe diet of most people have most emphatically changed too in Belize years after independence, fine dining areas are available for people to go to and e at, there are more markets available in the cities to buy fresh produce of either fruits or vegetables. If they do not want to eat out, people now have the luxury of cooking quality food at home in the privacy of their own kitchens, products such as canned food or quick foods are now very common in Belize, with products such as Ramen and Mac & Cheese, having a very supported market of mostly students or people who feel handle cooking up quick meals.Education was very different in Belize during the era before independence was announced. Children attended poorly constructed schools that did not offer an adequate surroundings for the learners. School had poor seating, poor or no lighting, if it was too hot in class then the only thing to do was open the windows, and most children went to school without the appropriates such as books and pencils in order to do the job with the right tools. Uniforms hardly existed in those times, they werechildrenallowed to put on casual clothes to ta ke up to school.Teaching subjects such History material was also that of a controversial nature, because they were mostly taught about the history of Europe and little about Belize itself and its surroundings such as Central America, The Caribbean and The Americas. Technology in the schools was under developed technology such as computers fans and so on in schools were only available in the improve schools. On the other hand after independence the government has made improving education a necessity rather than priority. Children of todays Belize revel a just education system that has evolved over the years.Most schools are constructed with concrete and high grade materials with most schools adopting their own unique colors that represent them as a school, with well groomed gardens. Students are now provided with chairs that have been designed with ergonomics and aesthetics in mind, not only to they get a good chair to sit on, but it is good looking too Lighting in the classrooms has been improved, and when its hot the entire teacher has to say put on the fans, or get the remote and out on the air conditioner.Saying that most children do not have any supplies to take to school these days would be out of line, because most children carry good bags they like, they have most of the books they need to obtain the best chance of passing at school, and most importantly most if not all schools these days in Belize wear unique uniforms that represent the school as a brand and are easily distinguished by a badge that they wear, that identifies which school they come from.Teaching methods have also changed with the emphasis of teaching to be that of Belize, The Caribbean, The Americas and the rest of the world, which has been made easier by the use of technology such as computer that has improved current affairs of the children in Belize, especially with the introduction of the World Wide Web. Social Life in Belize pre independence is not one that most people who would want to live through, because socially compared to todays hustle and bustle.Before independence the societal life of most people consisted of in general socializing around canteens or friends houses to drink homemade alcohol, such as chicha, because company brewed alcohol was not that affordable, and were not that popular. For those who did not fancy dipsomaniac beverage, options were hold in to mostly natural juices and coconut water, because products such as Coca-Cola were not cheap, or readily available. Clubs and Discotheques were not of high quality and importance as they are today, and carriage sense was not as it is today.Then again after independence Belize turned to their true Caribbean culture of sing and jump, with clubs that provide high quality music and alcoholic beverages that differ from Rum,Brandy,Gin and Lagers such as Belikin beers,Lighthouse lager and other beverages that differ to many tastes of people. For now alcoholic drinkers they can enjoy the good co mpany of music and dance in clubs, with their options not just limited to natural juices, but to more choice is now available Company brands such as Coca-Cola provide a wide variety of fizzy drinks, for those seeking energy boosting drinks have choices such as Full Throttle and Red Bull.All in all the two periods between before and after independence are very different, with today being a more developed country than it was then. Never the less Belize is pretty much a country that has not fully developed yet, and I strongly believe if Belize had stayed under the rule of the Queen, it would have been better of country.

Liquidity Ratio Essay

In this case study, our main purpose is to analyze the connection monetary statements and investigate the effects of financial analysis announcements on the stock price from 2000 to 2004. Besides that, we concerned about the financial management or strategy in the company and how are they sustaining their company growth and expected earnings in the stock market. We also discuss about the company financial analysis and competition in the industry. 2. 0Case Study drumhead Krispy Kreme Doughnut operation was started in 1937 when the fo beneath of Kripsy Kreme, Vernon Rudolph began making doughnuts from a special recipe he bought from a French chef.Then, Krispy Kreme was so rise-known and it expanded from a wholesale enterprise to an addition of Krispy Kremes retail trading operations and franchising. Rudolph focused on excellent quality of doughnuts and customer service. The result was always good when it was under the control of Rudolph. After Rudolphs death, Krispy Kreme was acqu ired by Beatrice Foods and its priority was to earn profit. Beatrice encouraged additions to the menu and changed the original recipe and logo of Krispy Kreme to cut cost. Unfortunately, the business went down Beatrice dogged to sell it.In 1982, the bare-ass owner of Krispy Kreme, Joseph McAleer bought Krispy Kreme by using leverage. Joseph maintained back the original logo and recipe of Krispy Kreme. One of the priorities of Joseph and Krispy Kreme focused on enthusiastic and fresh doughnut. In 1989, Kripsy Kreme was free from debt and began to expand. In 1996, doughnuts and added branded coffee were their main focus. In year 2000, Kripsy Kreme went public and the initial share price r separatelyed $40. 63. After passing game public, the corporation was planning aggressively to increase the number of stores and enter international markets. The revenues of Krispy Kreme Doughnuts were generated from n-premises sales, off-premises sales, manufacturing and distribution of product m ix and machinery and franchise royalties and fees. In May 2004, Krispy Kreme announced common chord major adverse results for the first time as a public company. Firstly, the company suffered loss due to the trend of low-carbohydrate diet. Secondly, it planned to divest Montana mill around and would be charged. Thirdly, the company planned to close three of its new Hot Doughnut and Coffee Shops. These announcements make the shares closed down by 30%. In year 2003, secondment announced that Kripsy Kreme was too aggressive in acquiring franchise.The practice of Krispy Kreme acquiring Michigan franchise was so wrong. The company recorded the post income on past-due loan from Michigan as immediate profit and the purchase cost on Michigan as intangible asset and did not fee off. In the same time, the company was being charged due to the quitting of the Michigans top executive. The shares of Krispy Kreme fell for another 15% due to the announcement from SEC. SEC published another rep ort stated that Krispy Kreme was facing the problem of growing too fast and the company was too rely on the profits made from manufacturing and distribution of franchise equipment.Strengths Krispy Kreme is a well-established and long running company. It has a strong and consistent consumer base in United State and abroad.Krispy Kreme is a nationally well known consumer brand because the company offers product that is second to none regarding on the taste, freshness and the finest ingredients. The company has consistent expansion and growth. Currently, the corporation has 395 stores with the presence in 40 states in United State and in 16 foreign countries. Krispy Kreme gains the most popularity in grocery, convenience stores and retail outlets due to easy accessibility to the product. The corporation offers more than 20 different types of doughnuts and other menu items including of coffee and bakery items.They are also selling those collectable memorabilia such as mugs, hats and to ys. Besides that, Krispy Kreme introduced the neon mark of Hot Doughnuts Now because it offers variety of freshly made doughnuts with high quality everyday. Krispy Kreme is also the first corporation that cut a hole in its manufacturing plants wall to sell its fresh doughnuts directly to the customers. Krispy Kreme is a vertically intergrated company with three business units which are company store operations, franchise operations and supply chain operation. They produce doughnuts in a cost effective manner because of the using of an accelerated approach.Thus, Krispy Kreme has a high capacity of production because each factory stores could produce 4000 dozen to 10000 dozen of doughnuts in a single day. In addition, Kripsy Kreme also differentiated itself with the others by offering customers an experience to hang the production of doughnuts. 3. 1. 2Weaknesses Krispy Kreme has the following weaknesses which is the low inventory turnover ratio. If not attended to quickly the firms supply line will continue to cost more silver and reduce future profits. Next, the financial condition of Krispy Kreme is better compared to its competitors but does have some areas that need improvement.Krispy Kremes young management is showing that they want to be alert and have employed an almost zero tolerance policy regarding debt. Poor management or financial practices hurt reputation and stock prices of this company. trammel amount of healthy menu selections, limited non-breakfast menu items 3. 1. 3Opportunities International expansion gives better returns to company. Krispy Kreme can grab the chance to expand its business and enter into new markets like Asia countries because Asians love sweet goods and they are open to trying foreign foods. The popularity of Western brands in these markets is quiet high.

Effects of Slavery Essay

Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobson both write their compelling stories on what behavior was like as buckle downs during 19th light speed America. twain narratives define the harsh life of thraldom and the unforgiving effects that occurred during their time as slaves. In the same way, both stories reveal the theme of the evils of thraldom but also wedded their diverse gender roles, their experiences are completely different from one another. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobsons Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these twain stories. Both Frederick and Jacobs were born into slavery Fredericks father most likely being his master, and Jacobs being lucky enough to have both of her parents. Though Jacobs had a safe and guarded childishness, afterwards her parents died she began to see the cruelness of slavery. Frederick learns the evil s of slavery earlier on in his life when he witnesses his aunt being horribly beaten by his slave owner. (Notes, 2013) Both characters express their deep hatred for slavery through their narrative themes. In Jacobs narrative she argues that slavery destroys the standards of slave holders, practically without exception. Jacob describes her feeling when she realizes Dr. Flint has total control over her, When he told me that I was made for his use, made to obey his command in all(prenominal)thing that I was nothing but a slave, whose will moldiness and should surrender to his, never before had my puny arm felt half so strong. (Jacobs, Life as a Slave Girl, IV) Through this, she feels empowered to arise against him in acts that later shape her life. Jacobs has a strong hatred to slavery that she shows through her rebelliousness and the chances she takes. Douglass shows his hatred for slavery through his descriptive writing. For instance, he shows his scholarship by simply writing t he narrative showing people that he is no animal but an accomplished human being.The fact that he utilize his real name in his narrative shows his strength against slavery. Douglass believed he was entitled to be treated like a human being and was enraged that he wasnt treated as such. The physiological abuse slaves went through was unimaginable. When Douglass was given to Edward brood he was to be broken. Covey took joy in breaking mow his slaves until they werent human anymore. His job was to take all of the life and joy out of a slaves life so all they eff is twist. Douglass states that his, natural elasticity was crushed, his intellect languished, the disposition to read departed, the cheerful spark that lingered about his eye died the dark night of slavery closed in upon him and discriminate a man transformed into a brute (Douglass, X) Through this quote, one is able to see that he was broken by slavery, and turned into an animal. Jacobs abuse is equal to Douglasss expe rience with physiological when she realizes that Dr. Flint owns her body. She is tormented by him at any time, as he frequently gets her alone. She is stuck in her situation because she cant tell anyone to make Dr. Flint stop. She points out that slaves are given no reason to develop a strong moral sense, as they are given no ownership of their own body or final control over any of their actions. Both characters go through a time in their life when a master has broken them physiologically, makes them believe they are less than human. Both characters describe their childhood in completely different ways. Douglass explains the system that slave owners used to make a slave. By cutting off ties with ones parents, especially maternal caring, they are unable to grasp the concept of love and kinship, thus fashioning them more as animals then people. Douglass explains that he never, enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tid ings of my mothers death with ofttimes the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger. (Douglass, I) Douglasss used adjectives like soothing to reinvent the childhood he could have had if he wouldve had his mother in his life. Douglass was robbed of his childhood by the wickedness of slavery and his attitude towards that is shown through his descriptive writing. Jacobs had a very different childhood then Douglass. Jacobs had a somewhat normal childhood for a slave. Jacobs was fortunate enough to have both of her parents in her life as wellhead as a brother for amount of time. She was not a victim of being separated from her parents like Douglass. She was also privileged enough to be ignorant of what she had been born into. After her mothers death, she is taken to her mothers mistress who teaches her sew, read and write. Though both characters are born into slavery, they forgo completely different childhoods.Gender dictates the working rolls Douglass and Jacobs were assigned in their time as slaves. Jacobs was again fortunate to be doing house work as a young girl, most of her time as a slave she acted as a house maid. By being a women Jacobs wasnt easily subjected to working a hard day in the field, though field work was in her future when Mr. Flint vengefully sends Jacobs to his plantation. Though she was to work in the fields, such work was only assigned by Mr. Flints feeling towards her having an closeness with Mr. Sands. Douglass being a man was subject to much harsher work than Jacobs. Douglass was expose to hardened slave masters who were cruel to him, and was given harsh beatings. Douglass is deeply emasculated by the hours of work he spends out in the fields, as well as the harsh beatings given by Covey. Douglass becomes capable of only resting as a result of his beatings and extensive hours of work. Douglass describes one of his many beatings in great detail, he lashed me till he had worn out hisswitches, cutting me so s avagely as to leave the marks visible for a long time after. This licking was the first of a number just like it, and for similar offences. (Douglass, X) Slave men were subject to much harsher work than the women, and these two characters are primary examples of such.Douglass and Jacobs were physically abused, but the context of their abuse was completely different based on their gender. Jacob was subject to Dr. Flints frequent sexual torment. Jacobs was continually taken receipts of sexually during her time under his grasp. Jacobs narrative is quite focused on the fact that she is a woman when writing about her struggles, Slavery is hard for men but it is far more terrible for women. Superadded to the burden common to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and mortifications peculiarly their own. (Jacobs, XVI) Her abuse physiologically damaged her, and eventually caused her to have an affairwith another man just to escape anothers harassment. Jacobs was never able to truly be a woman of her own, she was constantly pressed by the fact that she was a slave and had no right over her own body. She states in her narrative that her body belonged to Dr. Flint, which was harmful to her. The fact Dr. Flints harassment led Jacobs to having an affair with another white man who she was not in love with, and eventually led into her hiding delaying her from mothering her children obstructed her chance for her to be a real woman. Douglasss abuse was completely different but had the same effect on him he wasnt able to be a reliable man. Throughout Douglasss narrative and mostly in his time under the control of Covey, he describes how his endurance to become a real man faded. Covey truly broke Douglass and continually states that he was everywhere, under every tree, behind every stump, in every bush, and at every window, on the plantation. (Douglass, X) Slavery took every ounce of his will to live he had no interest in reading, writing, or even escaping to become a free man. The effect slavery leave on him shows that as a slave, Douglass was not able to be a real man. While both Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobsons Narratives undergo the corrupt power of slavery in 19th century America and were able to escape, the role of gender in society largely acts as a variance within these two stories. Both characters show that as a slave, they werent able to act as a real man or woman. The physical and mental abuse, their childhoods and every aspect of their lives as slaves, hindered them from having a real life for themselves. Though there were similarities in their narratives, their gender truly controlled the course of their lives.Works CitedDouglass, Frederick. I,X, XVI,. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass An American Slave. New York New American Library, 1968. N. pag. Print. Jacobs, Harriet A. XVI, IV. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. New York Oxford UP, 1988. N. pag. Print. Notes, C. (2013, April 10th). Class Notes. Print.

Examine the Role of the Church in Spain’s Conquest and Colonization of Continental America

QuestionExamine the role of the Church in Spains conquest and colonization of continental America. The role of the Roman Catholic Church in Spains conquest and colonization of continental America was a two-fold process whereby under the facade of regeneration and pick up lay the primary goal of gaining wealth, enforcing laws and the inevitable extension of control while condoning the beginnings of European slavery in the Caribbean. i Alternately, behind the movement for converting Indians lay some important influences in Spain.The Spanish Crown effected princely controls over the ecclesiastical benefices and over the immense wealth of the church. ii Two papal bulls were issued in the year of 1493 that established the Spanish position in the New World. They also established the role that the Church was going to diarrhea in the New World. The first bull, issued on May 3, 1493, was c bothed the Inter Caetera. It declared that lands discovered by Spanish envoys, non under a Christ ian owner, could be claimed by Spain.The bull also gave the Spanish monarch power to send men to convert the natives to the Catholic faith and instruct them in Catholic morals. The abet papal bull issued that year expanded on the meaning of the first. The bull fixed a marge for Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence in the New World. This boundary heavily favored Spain, showing an bail bond between Spain and the Church. Under the Spanish Crown the search was resurrected in the form of the conquistadores to hunt down heretics.In crush the last non-Christian state in the Iberian Peninsula, Granada, and in forcibly expelling Jews and the Moors, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella want to purify Spanish society in a spirit of Christian unity. The acts were militant expressions of religious statehood on the establishment of the American colonization in the latter part of the 1490s. iii The church which arrived in the Caribbean advocated what has been called warrior Catholicismi v, which is the spirit that military conquest and evangelization were compatible. v Acting in conjunction with the conquistadores, the Roman Catholic Church played a vital role in the Spanish constitution of colonization and is argued to be one of the around superior revolutionary devices of the Spanish Government. vi By its discipline and methods it assumed, the Church was almost a military and governmental dresser designed to push forward and defend the colonial frontiers, pacify the natives and open the way to European occupation. vii The subjugation of the native Indians and the extension of the territorial boundaries emphasized the role of the Church.The Church also served to maintain colonial borders against impertinent encroachment. By its exclusion of heretical Protestants and by its strict security review of books, the Church made foreign political and philosophical ideas difficult or dangerous to obtain and served as a defensive mechanism of the Spanish Empire. vi ii It was largely with the Roman Catholic Church that Spain succeeded in transmitting its culture and political effectiveness in the colonization of continental America during the 16th century. ix The Church was not only an advance charge of the Spanish Empire and a political device of colonialism.It had its own religious objectives and interests. The Spanish colonial imperium was served exclusively by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church which received active government support and cost increase in the form of grants of land to build churches, free passages for priest, free wine and oil for the monasteries. A power structure if archbishops, bishops, and lesser clergy were dispatched by the Crown to the New World. Priests were chiefly touch with superintending the work of converting the natives, whom they thought of as primitive, to Christianity and defend them from exploitation.The earliest groups were the friars, of whom the Dominicans were prominent. Later, the Francisc ans and Jesuits became more active. The Roman Catholic Church rein obligate religious superiority over the Indians through the Indians culture, religion and language. Associated with their attention to the spiritual needs of conversion, the priests endeavored to eliminate heathen practices among those Indians that they baptized. x The non-Christian people of the Americas were not simply to be converted they were to be civilized, taught, humanized, purified and reformed.The Indians to be converted were strangers speaking in many unfamiliar tongues. In most cases, when the Friars first encountered them, they had been only recently conquered and subjugated, and even if not actively hostile they were likely to retain silver screen antagonisms. In their experience all Spaniards were exploitative. The Indian religions were composites of ceremonies and attitudes of the most diverse sort, no single technique of conversion could be employed. Conversion required both the introduction of Cath olic Christianity and the extirpation of existing native religions, and of the two tasks the latter was the more difficult one. xi Modern anthropology demonstrates that the elimination of pagan traits was only partial. In Indian societies of the 20th century, even in the areas of most active Christian labour, residual pagan forms survived. The mission programme outgrowthed in the syncretism of the Indian religion and Roman Catholic Christianity. Indians might have responded enthusiastically to the new teaching, but they tended to consider Christianity as a doctrine compatible with their own tolerant pagan religions, and they allowed Christianity and paganism to exist simultaneously as complementary faiths.A common Indian view held that one religious form was resorted to when an some other failed to influence a desired result. xii However, in a process of religious syncretism, as priest constructed churches out of the stones of unmake temples, symbolizing and emphasizing the sub stitution of one religion by the other,xiii religious saints like the Aztecs Tonantzin and the saturated Mary became intermingled, creating a new national symbol, the Virgin of Guadalupe. xivIn Mexico, Cortes forces undo Indian religious sites, cleaned them with lime and replaced images of Quetzalcoatl and other Indian gods with images of Christ and the Virgin Mary. xv Native temples were torn down, idols destroyed and burnt, sacrificial wells were filled-in, writings were destroyed and other material evidence, anything the Roman Catholic Church considered as paganism were destroyed. xvi The Church was also concerned with the material and physical wel colde of the natives.Hospitals were particularly needed because of the epidemics which occasionally swept the land. A hospital not only provided treatment for the sick, but was frequently a kind of poor-house as well, where the aged and infirmed could be go to to, and where poor-relief could be dispensed. Virtually all the social se rvices in the Spanish colonies were provided by the clergy. However, despite the advances in saving the Indians from exploitation, the work of the Church often caused distress and was sometimes harmful.In successful conversions, Indians supplied construction labour on the churches, hospitals, monasteries and schools without recompense, voluntarily, or at the command of their newly Christianized chiefs. The friars then proceeded to expand the Christianized area, by moving out into touch towns, where subordinate chapels were built. Cooperating Indians were brought into the conversion process to assist the friars. Indians who refused to accept Christianity were punished, sometimes by death.The labour of Christianization was further hindered by conflicts between friars and other limbes of the society. The terms of the encomienda demanded that the masters should see to the Indians protection, with the duty of seeing that they were cared for and taught to become more civilized. decoro us more civilized really meant nothing more than giving signs that they accepted the Spanish as their masters, masking piece their bodies as European did, speaking Spanish and accepting the Christian faith.In return for Spanish protection the Indians were to circulate their service in the fields or mines of the encomenderos. The encomienda system was nothing more than a means of obtaining constrained labour for the encomendero, Spanish conquistadors. No wages were paid for the work done and very often the Indians farms were done for(p) by herds of cattle or swine belonging to their encomendero. They rarely had time to grow their own food for the forced labour left them neither time nor strength.The Indians were not free to leave the encomienda and those who fled were hunted down by men on horseback with dogs. The death rate among the Indians shot up as a result of hunger, weakness and despair among people whose traditional village and family life was completely destroyed. The Chu rch and the encomienda became rival institution, each in its own way seeking control over the native populations. This issue between them erupted openly in 1511, when the Dominican friar Antonio de Montesinos first condemned the colonists treatment of the Indian in Hispaniola.Thereafter, under the leadership of Bartolome de Las Casas, other Dominican friar and others, ecclesiastical criticism of encomienda became frequent and outspoken. The Spaniards saw the friars as officious nuisances whose object was to intrude into the livelihood of encomienda Indians, criticize the encomenderos use of Indian labour and denounce encomienda in letters to the king. Although the rights and wrongs of the encomienda system were discussed by the Crown it was decided that this system was necessary if the colonies were to survive.There was no other way of replacing the labour that the Indians provided. It was agreed, though, that the system would be better organized and the rights of the Indians more properly protected. To this end the Thirty Two Laws of Burgos were published in 1512, whereby Spaniards were confirmed in their rights to coerce the Indians, but their obligations to convert them and treat them humanely were set out in great detail, even to what food, clothes and beds they were to be supplied with. Two inspectors were to be appointed in each town to ensure that the rules were kept.Those laws could have corrected the abuses, but the practical difficulties of putting them into full effect on the far side of the Atlantic and the Andes, and against powerful vested interests, were difficult to prevail over. xvii The crown added to the powers of the Church by giving it powers of censorship over all books entering the Empire. This was intended at first to keep out heretical Protestant works, but it was also used against political books. Education and the confessional enabled the Church and assisted the Inquisition in holding a close watch on the movement of thought.The t ransatlantic movements of books were regulated in Seville. Popular and fictive literature came under the purview of the secular authorities (in Spain), which placed a ban in 1531 on the export of romances of chivalry to the Indies as being likely to corrupt the minds of the Indians. xviii To make these powers more effective, a branch of the Inquisition, a special church court, was established from Spain. Its official powers were to prosecute those who broke the laws such as blasphemy, bigamy, heresy, witchcraft, heterodoxy, and sins against God.The Inquisition punishment included penance, prison sentences, property confiscation and burning at the stake. Informers could remain anonymous and the crimes of so called heresy and witchcraft could have many interpretations. This tribunal was operating out of Lima, Mexico City and Cartagena by 1570. Protestant smugglers and raiders of all nationalities captured by the Spanish were brought before the Inquisition and charged as heretics. But most importantly for the government of the Empire, the Inquisition could be used against influential people who showed too great a mark to criticize.In this way the Church played a part in keeping the colonies tied to Spain The Roman Catholic Church operated without competition in the circum-Caribbean colonial society during the sixteenth century, where it performed both religious and political functions. In religion, it taught and converted the native Indians to Christianity and catered to the religious needs of the Spanish community. Politically, it helped to extend the boundaries of the Spanish Empire by removing adversary to it in the case of the Indians by its teachings and in the case of Europeans, largely through the operation of the Inquisition.The Church did a great deal good, but its efforts resulted in a number of drawbacks. For example the genuineness of the conversion of the Indians is doubtful. In generally, in all the colonies, the Church catered to the spiritual needs and at the same time contributed to the preservation of the society in which they operated.

Internal & External Conflict Essay

Struggle, struggle, struggle We live in a season of counterpoint, remote and intimate. External contravention is a struggle between man and an outside force. Internal involution is a struggle between man and self. dealings with each competitiveness enkindle be difficult, exactly theres incessantly a way to deal with it nonetheless. Dealing with internal conflict can be much difficult because youre dealing with your own emotions and it can sometimes lead to depression. beart push away your thoughts if you atomic number 18 dealing with internal conflict. Pushing away your thoughts would make the government agency more intense. Think closely ways you can manage it instead of pushing the thoughts away. It can booster if you write the conflict down or dont let your mind fight itself. Dealing with outer conflict is sometimes more simple. Effective auditory modality is a way to deal with away conflict. Its important to listen and understand the other persons point of vie w. Effective listening doesnt perpetually work out which is why communication is key. Its important to clearly send your own feelings without putting the other person on the defensive.The conflicts I shit dealt with in my look are mostly internal. I try my best to keep my problems within myself so that the conflict Im dealing with doesnt locomote another persons problem. I wouldnt want an internal conflict to become an external conflict, so I manage my problems myself. Growing up, Ive always ready it difficult to choose between one choice and the other. My most common line Ive apply is It doesnt matter. I have always been scared of choosing one thing and having it become the vilify choice. Even up to now, I still use that line. I know its going to become a problem. Real soon, I would have to stop using that line and start making choices myself. The choices I have to choose from could be as little as which flavor of ice cream I want to as big as choosing when I want to start driving classes. I have to stop having other people choose for me and start choosing for myself because one day, its going to become an still bigger problem.Other than that, if something personal were really hitting me hard, I would draw or read scarce to get through the problem. I would most likely read to escape reality because being in the books world is a place I would rather be in at that moment. I rarely deal with external conflict. When I do, I take it really hard because I havent dealt with much external conflict in my life. I try my best to be a good person and prevent myself into acquiring into situations with another person. If I were ever dealing with external conflict, it would most likely be a disagreement with another person. Im that person who stands their ground. If I had an opinion or a chance to prove mortal wrong, I would. Its not about being right its about preventing another person into believing something else when its wrong. Yes, everyone is entitled to h is or her own opinion, and sometimes that opinion of something is not right.I have a lot of patience, so I wouldnt snap at someone right when theres a disagreement. If someone were really getting on my nerves, I would stand my ground. I would consecrate what I have to say then stop and walk away because sometimes, its just not worth it. One external conflict I always have to deal with is plain and simple, my brother. I have three aged brothers, but one specific brother of mine is a complete nuisance. We fight on a daily basis and sometimes standing my ground isnt even worth it. One night, we had a disagreement on school. My brother believes that school is a waste of time and being book burnished is not as beneficial as having common sense. He says that being book smart isnt going to get you anywhere in life and that common sense will make you more successful. I disagree with him completely because nowadays, you need an education to have a successful life.I just want to prove to h im that Im not going to be a failure and variant to do my best is going to pay off. Everyone is going to have to encounter a conflict in his or her life. Nobodys perfect and everyones different so theres always going to be problems. Conflict isnt a bad thing. The only kind of bad conflict is unresolved conflict. Getting through a conflict will make you stronger and youll be able to surmount life more successfully. Internal conflict is harder to deal with in my own opinion because with internal conflict, no one can help you but yourself. You can get help to deal with an internal conflict, but at the end of the day, its up to yourself to get through the problem.When it comes to external conflict, there will always have someone who has your back and will help you out, which is why internal conflict is worst. One conflict can become stronger than the other if you are better at handling one conflict and getting past it than the other. The best ways to deal with internal conflict is to talk about the problem or do something to get your mind off it. The best ways to deal with external conflict is look at about a way to solve the conflict without making it worst, walk away, or once again, do something to get your mind off it. One little tip, attitude will only make the conflict worst. Conflict is inevitable and its needed. Conflict develops a character. If there werent conflict in the world, life would be a bore.

Asvance Care Planning Essay

understanding Criteria1.1. Describe the difference between a like or frequent plan and an maturate awe final cause gain shargon be after (ACP) is a cognitive operation of discussion between an man-to-man and their bang providers irrespective of discipline. According to NHS guidlines the difference between ACP and readying more generally-which sets out how the clients business organisation and support needs pass on be met- is that the go of ACP is to vex clear a soulfulnesss wishinges.1.2. excuse the purpose of pull in finagle planningIt usually take place in the place setting of an anticipated deterioration in the item-by-items condition in the succeeding(a), with attendant loss of electrical condenser to incur stopping points and/or ability to march on wishes to opposites. In that case Advance take planning force out en accredited that all of those interested with the persevering roles care and well-being kept informed -with the patients allowance-o f any(prenominal) ratiocinations, wishes or preferences which impact upon her care when she has no ability to go on these any more.1.3. key the national, local and organisational agreed ways of working for come near care planningThe main principles are blanket the agreed ways of workingThe wreak is voluntary. No pressure should be brought to bear by the professional, the family or any organisation on the item-by-item refer to take part in ACP ACP must be a patient centred dialogue over a period of cartridge clip The process of ACP is a reprehension of societys desire to respect soulfulnessal autonomy. The content of any discussion should be contumacious by the soul concerned. The man-to-man whitethorn non wish to confront future issues this should be esteem All wellness and social care staff should be open to any discussion which whitethorn be revolutionized by an one-on-one and know how to respond to their questions Health and social care staff should instigateA CP only if in the context of a professional judgement that leads them to believe it is in all probability to benefit the care of the individual.The discussion should be introduced sensitively Staff will require the take over training to enable them to communicate effectively and to understand the legal and ethical issues involved Staff need to be aware when they feed reached the limits of their knowledge and competency and know when and from whom to seek advice Discussion should point on the views of the individual, although they whitethorn wish to fool their carer or a nonher close family member or friend to participate. Some families may cook discussed their issues and would incur an overture to share this discussion Confidentiality should be respected in line with current good coif and professional guidance Health and social care staff should be aware of and put up a realistic bank none of the support, services and plectrums available in the extra peck.This shou ld entail referral to an appropriate colleague or sequencency when necessary The professional must have adequate knowledge of the benefits, harms and perils associated with discussion to enable the individual to befuddle an informed end Choice in terms of place of care will twist discussion options, as certain treatments may not be available at home or in a care home, e.g. chemotherapy or intravenous therapy. Individuals may need to be admitted to hospital for indication management, or may need to be admitted to a hospice or hospital, because support is not available at home ACP requires that the individual has the qualification to understand, discuss options available and agree to what is then planned. Should an individual wish to rile a conclusion to refuse treatment ( earn decision) they should be guided by a professional with appropriate knowledge and this should be entryed according to the requirements of the MCA 20051.4. Explain the legal position of an Advance Ca re externalise kind power Act 2005 which came into force in October 2007 along with the supporting Code of Practice. Chapter 9 of the rational Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 Code of Practice refers particularally to Advance Decisions to Refuse Treatment and will be used as a guide to sections within this instrument that refer to happen decisions. According to NHS guidelines for individuals with electrical condenser it is their current wishes around their care which needs to beconsidered. Under the MCA of 2005, individuals groundwork continue to anticipate future decision qualification about their care or treatment should they lack competency. In this context, the outcome of ACP may be the completion of a statement of wishes and preferences or if referring to refusal of specific treatment may lead onto an advance decision to refuse treatment.This is not mandatory or automatic and will depend on the persons wishes. Alternatively, an individual may decide to appoint a person to rep resent them by choosing a person (an attorney) to take decisions on their behalf if they subsequently lose capacity. A statement of wishes and preferences is not de jure binding. However, it does have legal standing and must be taken into measure when making a judgement in a persons best interests. Careful account needs to be taken of the relevance of statements of wishes and preferences when making best interest decisions. If an advance decision to refuse treatment has been launch it is a de jure binding document if that advance decision fag end be shown to be valid and relevant to the current circumstances. If it relates to liveness sustaining treatment it must be a written document which is signed and witnessed.1.5. Explain what is involved in an Advance Decision to Refuse TreatmentThe MCA 2005 provides the statutory framework to enable adults with capacity to document clear instructions about refusal of specific medical procedures should they lack capacity in the future. An advance decision to refuse treatmentCan be made by some bingle over the age of 18 who has mental capacity Is a decision relating to refusal of specific treatment and may be in specific circumstances Can be written or verbalIf an advance decision embarrasss refusal of life sustaining treatment, it must be in writing, signed and witnessed and include the statement point if life is at risk Will only come into effect if the individual loses capacity Only comes into effect if the treatment and circumstances are those specifi plowy identified in the advance decision Is legally binding if valid and applicable to the circumstances.1.6. Explain what is meant by a Do Not Attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNA cardiopulmonary resuscitation) baffleIn England and Wales, CPR is presumed in the event of a cardiac arrest unless a do not resuscitate order is in place. If they have capacity as defined under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 the patient may decline resuscitation, however any dis cussion is not in reference to consent to resuscitation and so nonpareilr should be an explanation. Patients may also specify their wishes and/or devolve their decision-making to a proxy utilise an advance directive, which are commonly referred to as Living Wills. Patients and relatives cannot demand treatment (including CPR) which the renovate believes is futile and in this situation, it is their doctors duty to act in their best interest, whether that means continuing or discontinuing treatment, using their clinical judgment.Learning Outcome 2 Understand the process of advance care planning judicial decision Criteria2.1. Explain when advance care planning may be introducedACP may be instigated by both the individual or a care provider at any time not unavoidably in the context of illness progression nevertheless may be at one of the following key points in the individuals life Life changing event, e.g. the death of spouse or close friend or relative Following a new diagnosi s of life moderate condition eg. cancer or motor neurone disease Significant shift in treatment focus e.g. chronic renal failure where options for treatment require review Assessment of the individuals needsMultiple hospital admissions2.2. Outline who might be involved in the advance care planning processAdvance care planning centres on discussions with a person who has capacity to make decisions about their care and treatment. If the individual wishes, their family, friends and health and social care professionals may be included. It is recommended that with the individuals capital of New Hampshire thatdiscussions are documented, regularly reviewed, and communicated to key persons involved in their care.2.3. Describe the type of instruction an individual may need to enable them to make informed decisionsStatements of wishes and preferences can include individualised preferences, such as where one would wish to live, having a shower rather than a bath, or wanting to sleep with t he light on. sometimes people may wish to express their values e.g. that the welfare of their spouse or children is taken into account when decisions are made about their place of care. Sometimes people may have views about treatments they do not wish to receive but do not want to formalise these views as a specific advance decision to refuse treatment. These views should be considered when acting in a persons best interests but will not be legally binding. A statement of wishes and preferences cannot be made in relation to any act which is illegal e.g. assisted suicide.2.4. Explain how to use legislation to support decision-making about the capacity of an individual to take part in advance care planningThe Mental Capacity Act saysEveryone has the right to make his or her own decisions. Health and care professionals should always write an individual has the capacity to make a decision themselves, unless it is proved otherwise through a capacity assessment. Individuals must be give n help to make a decision themselves. This might include, for warning, providing the person with info in a format that is easier for them to understand. Treatment and care provided to someone who lacks capacity should be the least regulatory of their basic rights and freedoms possible, while still providing the mandatory treatment and care. The MCA also allows people to express their preferences for care and treatment in case they lack capacity to make these decisions. It also allows them to appoint a trusted person to make a decision on their behalf should they lack capacity in the future.The MCA sets out a two-stage see of capacity.Does the individual concerned have an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, their spirit or brain, whether as a result of a condition, illness, or external factors such as alcoholic drink or drug use? Does the impairment or disturbance mean the individual is futile to make a specific decision when they need to? Individuals can la ck capacity to make some decisions but have capacity to make others, so it is vital to consider whether the individual lacks capacity to make the specific decision.Also, capacity can fluctuate with time an individual may lack capacity at one point in time, but may be able to make the same decision at a later point in time. Where appropriate, individuals should be allowed the time to make a decision themselves.MCA says a person is unable to make a decision if they cannotunderstand the information relevant to the decision control that informationuse or weigh up that information as part of the process of making the decisionIf they arent able to do any of the above three things or communicate their decision (by talking, using sign language, or through any other means), the MCA says they will be treated as unable to make the specific decision in question. Before deciding an individual lacks capacity to make a particular decision, appropriate step must be taken to enable them to make th e decision themselves.For exampleDoes the individual have all the relevant information they need? Have they been given information on any alternatives?Could information be explained or presented in a way that is easier to understand (for example, by using simple language or visual aids)? Have different methods of communication been explored, such as non-verbalcommunication? Could anyone else help with communication, such as a family member, carer, or advocate? Are there particular times of day when the individuals understanding is better? Are there particular locations where the individual may feel more at ease? Could the decision be delayed until a time when the individual might be better able to make the decision?2.5. Explain how the individuals capacity to discuss advance care planning may influence their role in the processExample by NHS Carolean has dementia and lives at home with the support of carers from a domiciliary care agency. Over the last two days, she has become very confused and unable to make decisions about the care she receives. The care worker has suggested that the GP be called. Caroline is adamant that she does not require the GP. It is clear that Caroline is unwell and the care worker, having consulted the family, assesses that Caroline lacks the capacity to make the decision about whether or not to call the doctor. So the care worker calls the GP and place downs her attains in the care plan. The GP visits Caroline and diagnoses a urinary tract infection. He requests a urine sample for analysis and commences treatment with antibiotics. Within three days, Caroline has regained her capacity, for this decision.2.6. Explain the meaning of informed consentInformed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person. For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary and informed, and the person consenting must have the capacity to make the decision. These terms are explained on a lower floor Volunt ary the decision to either consent or not to consent to treatment must be made by the person themselves, and must not be influenced by pressure from medical staff, friends or family.Informed the person must be given all of the information in terms of what the treatment involves, including the benefits and risks, whether there are reasonable alternative treatments and what will happen if treatment does not go ahead. Capacity the person must be capableof giving consent, which means they understand the information given to them, and they can use it to make an informed decision.If an adult has the capacity to make a voluntary and informed decision to consent to or refuse a particular treatment, their decision must be respected. This still stands even if refusing treatment would result in their death, or the death of their unborn child. If a person does not have the capacity to make a decision about their treatment, the healthcare professionals treating them can go ahead and give trea tment if they believe it is in the persons best interests. However, the clinicians must take reasonable steps to seek advice from the patients friends or relatives before making these decisions.2.7. Explain own role in the advance care planning processUnder the MCA, anybody making a decision about the care or treatment of an individual, who has been assessed as lacking the capacity to make that decision for himself, will be required to take any statement of wishes and preferences into account when assessing that persons best interests. Part of assessing best interests should include making reasonable efforts to find out what a persons wishes, preferences, values and beliefs might be. This is likely to involve contacting the persons family or other care providers. They may be able to terminate whether any statements of wishes or preferences exists or for help in determining that persons wishes. This will not always be possible, e.g. if an individual is admitted as an emergency, is u nconscious and requires rapid treatment.2.8. Identify how an Advance Care political platform can change over timePersons views may change over time. If they wish to make any changes they should let their doctor or nurse know as well as their family and friends. When their Advance Care Plan is completed they are encouraged to keep it with them and share it with everyone involved in their care. What has been written in their Advance Care Plan will always be taken into account when planning their care. However sometimes things can change unexpectedly, suchas their carers (family, friends and neighbours) becoming over fatigue or ill- these are unforeseen circumstances.2.9. Outline the principles of record keeping in advance care planningAccording to NHS guidelinesHealthcare professionals cannot make a record of the discussion without the permission of the individual The individual concerned must check and agree the content of the record Information cannot be shared with anyone, unless the individual concerned has agreed to disclosure. Where the individual refuses to share information with certain individuals the options should be explained to them and the consequences made clear Any record should be subject to review and if necessary, revision and it should be clear when this is planned. Review may be instigated by the individual or care provider, can be part of regular review or may be triggered by a change in circumstances A clear record of who has copies of the document will help facilitate future updating and review Copies in notes should be updated when an individual makes any changesWhere an advance decision is enter, it should follow guidance available in the Code of Practice for the MCA http//www.dca.gov.uk/menincap/legis.htmcodeofpractice and be recorded on a separate document to that used for ACP The professional making the record of an advance decision must be competent to complete the process Where this is part of a professionals role, competence ba sed training needs to be available and accessed If the individual agrees for their record to be shared, it should be ensured that systems are in place to enable sharing between health and social care professionals involved in the care of the individual, including out of hours providers and ambulance services For an individual who has lost capacity disclosure of a statement will be based on best interests There should be locally agreed policies about where the document is kept. For example, it may be decided that a copy should be given to the individual and a copy placed in the notes 2.10 Describe circumstances when you can share details of theAdvance Care PlanThe advance care plan is a document that goes into effect only if theclient is incapacitated and unable to speak for herself. This could be the result of disease or severe injuryno matter how one-time(a) is she. It helps others know what type of medical care she wants. In that case it is really important to make sure that ever ybody who is involved in her care knows everything about her preferences and wishes-thus the Advance Care Plans details should be shared. That could explain her feelings, beliefs and values that govern how she make decisions. They may cover medical and non-medical matters. They are not legally binding but should be used when determining a persons best interests in the event they lose capacity to make those decisions.Learning Outcome 3 Understand the person centred approach to advance care planning Assessment Criteria3.1. Describe the factors that an individual might consider when planning their Advance Care PlanThe wishes are being expressed during advance care planning are personal and can be about anything to do with the patient future care. They may want to include their priorities and preferences for the future, for example how they might want any religious or spiritual beliefs to hold to be reflected in their care, the telephone of a person or people they wish to represent the ir views at a later time, their choice about where they would prefer, if possible, to be cared for, for example at home, in a hospital, nursing home or hospice their thoughts on different treatments or types of care they might be offered, how they like to do things, for example, preferring a shower alternatively of a bath or sleeping with the light on, concerns or solutions about practical issues, for example, who will wait on after their dog should you become ill3.2. Explain the importance of respecting the values and beliefs that impact on the choices of the individualSometimes people will want to write down or tell others their wishes and preferences for future treatment and care, or explain their feelings orvalues that govern how they make decisions. Statements of wishes and preferences or documented conversations the person has had with their family or other carers may be recorded in the persons notes. A statement of wishes and preferences can be of various types, for example A requesting statement reflecting an individuals aspirations and preferences. This can help health and social care professionals identify how the person would like to be treated without binding them to that course of action if it conflicts with professional judgment A statement of the general beliefs and aspects of life which an individual values. This might provide a biographical portrait of the individual that subsequently aids deciding his/her best interests.Your beliefs and values are what make you a unique individual. They are based upon past experiences as well as present circumstances. numerous of them were learned from parents as well as other respected individuals. While some people may have values and beliefs that are deemed to be wrong according to society, unless your values and beliefs cause harm to others, they cannot be considered wrong. While some beliefs and values may change from time to time, they remain your own.3.3. Identify how the needs of others may need to be taken into account when planning advance careA person assessing an individuals best interests must-Not make any judgement using the professionals view of the individuals quality of life calculate all relevant circumstances and options without disparity Not be motivated by a desire to bring about an individuals death Consult with family partner or representative as to whether the individual previously had expressed any opinions or wishes about their future care e.g. ACP Consult with the clinical team caring for the individualConsider any beliefs or values likely to influence the individual if they had capacity Consider any other factors the individual would consider if they were able to do so Consider the individuals feelings3.4. Outline what actions may be appropriate when an individual is unable to or does not wish to participate in advance care planningMany patients with early or slowly progressing disease, and some with advanced disease, will not wish to discuss end-of-life care. However, they should still receive the opportunity to discuss other aspects of their future care. If the patient does not have capacity for making future plans, then the clinical team will need to make choices based on the patients best interests as defined in the MCA.3.5. Explain how individuals care or support plan may be affected by an Advance Care PlanIf an individual wishes, ACP may be an integral part of the care and communication process and of their regular care plan review. The difference between ACP and care planning more generally is that the process of ACP will usually take place in the context of an anticipated deterioration in the individuals condition in the future, with attendant loss of capacity to make decisions and/or ability to communicate wishes to others.