Asvance Care Planning Essay

understanding Criteria1.1. Describe the difference between a like or frequent plan and an maturate awe final cause gain shargon be after (ACP) is a cognitive operation of discussion between an man-to-man and their bang providers irrespective of discipline. According to NHS guidlines the difference between ACP and readying more generally-which sets out how the clients business organisation and support needs pass on be met- is that the go of ACP is to vex clear a soulfulnesss wishinges.1.2. excuse the purpose of pull in finagle planningIt usually take place in the place setting of an anticipated deterioration in the item-by-items condition in the succeeding(a), with attendant loss of electrical condenser to incur stopping points and/or ability to march on wishes to opposites. In that case Advance take planning force out en accredited that all of those interested with the persevering roles care and well-being kept informed -with the patients allowance-o f any(prenominal) ratiocinations, wishes or preferences which impact upon her care when she has no ability to go on these any more.1.3. key the national, local and organisational agreed ways of working for come near care planningThe main principles are blanket the agreed ways of workingThe wreak is voluntary. No pressure should be brought to bear by the professional, the family or any organisation on the item-by-item refer to take part in ACP ACP must be a patient centred dialogue over a period of cartridge clip The process of ACP is a reprehension of societys desire to respect soulfulnessal autonomy. The content of any discussion should be contumacious by the soul concerned. The man-to-man whitethorn non wish to confront future issues this should be esteem All wellness and social care staff should be open to any discussion which whitethorn be revolutionized by an one-on-one and know how to respond to their questions Health and social care staff should instigateA CP only if in the context of a professional judgement that leads them to believe it is in all probability to benefit the care of the individual.The discussion should be introduced sensitively Staff will require the take over training to enable them to communicate effectively and to understand the legal and ethical issues involved Staff need to be aware when they feed reached the limits of their knowledge and competency and know when and from whom to seek advice Discussion should point on the views of the individual, although they whitethorn wish to fool their carer or a nonher close family member or friend to participate. Some families may cook discussed their issues and would incur an overture to share this discussion Confidentiality should be respected in line with current good coif and professional guidance Health and social care staff should be aware of and put up a realistic bank none of the support, services and plectrums available in the extra peck.This shou ld entail referral to an appropriate colleague or sequencency when necessary The professional must have adequate knowledge of the benefits, harms and perils associated with discussion to enable the individual to befuddle an informed end Choice in terms of place of care will twist discussion options, as certain treatments may not be available at home or in a care home, e.g. chemotherapy or intravenous therapy. Individuals may need to be admitted to hospital for indication management, or may need to be admitted to a hospice or hospital, because support is not available at home ACP requires that the individual has the qualification to understand, discuss options available and agree to what is then planned. Should an individual wish to rile a conclusion to refuse treatment ( earn decision) they should be guided by a professional with appropriate knowledge and this should be entryed according to the requirements of the MCA 20051.4. Explain the legal position of an Advance Ca re externalise kind power Act 2005 which came into force in October 2007 along with the supporting Code of Practice. Chapter 9 of the rational Capacity Act (MCA) 2005 Code of Practice refers particularally to Advance Decisions to Refuse Treatment and will be used as a guide to sections within this instrument that refer to happen decisions. According to NHS guidelines for individuals with electrical condenser it is their current wishes around their care which needs to beconsidered. Under the MCA of 2005, individuals groundwork continue to anticipate future decision qualification about their care or treatment should they lack competency. In this context, the outcome of ACP may be the completion of a statement of wishes and preferences or if referring to refusal of specific treatment may lead onto an advance decision to refuse treatment.This is not mandatory or automatic and will depend on the persons wishes. Alternatively, an individual may decide to appoint a person to rep resent them by choosing a person (an attorney) to take decisions on their behalf if they subsequently lose capacity. A statement of wishes and preferences is not de jure binding. However, it does have legal standing and must be taken into measure when making a judgement in a persons best interests. Careful account needs to be taken of the relevance of statements of wishes and preferences when making best interest decisions. If an advance decision to refuse treatment has been launch it is a de jure binding document if that advance decision fag end be shown to be valid and relevant to the current circumstances. If it relates to liveness sustaining treatment it must be a written document which is signed and witnessed.1.5. Explain what is involved in an Advance Decision to Refuse TreatmentThe MCA 2005 provides the statutory framework to enable adults with capacity to document clear instructions about refusal of specific medical procedures should they lack capacity in the future. An advance decision to refuse treatmentCan be made by some bingle over the age of 18 who has mental capacity Is a decision relating to refusal of specific treatment and may be in specific circumstances Can be written or verbalIf an advance decision embarrasss refusal of life sustaining treatment, it must be in writing, signed and witnessed and include the statement point if life is at risk Will only come into effect if the individual loses capacity Only comes into effect if the treatment and circumstances are those specifi plowy identified in the advance decision Is legally binding if valid and applicable to the circumstances.1.6. Explain what is meant by a Do Not Attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNA cardiopulmonary resuscitation) baffleIn England and Wales, CPR is presumed in the event of a cardiac arrest unless a do not resuscitate order is in place. If they have capacity as defined under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 the patient may decline resuscitation, however any dis cussion is not in reference to consent to resuscitation and so nonpareilr should be an explanation. Patients may also specify their wishes and/or devolve their decision-making to a proxy utilise an advance directive, which are commonly referred to as Living Wills. Patients and relatives cannot demand treatment (including CPR) which the renovate believes is futile and in this situation, it is their doctors duty to act in their best interest, whether that means continuing or discontinuing treatment, using their clinical judgment.Learning Outcome 2 Understand the process of advance care planning judicial decision Criteria2.1. Explain when advance care planning may be introducedACP may be instigated by both the individual or a care provider at any time not unavoidably in the context of illness progression nevertheless may be at one of the following key points in the individuals life Life changing event, e.g. the death of spouse or close friend or relative Following a new diagnosi s of life moderate condition eg. cancer or motor neurone disease Significant shift in treatment focus e.g. chronic renal failure where options for treatment require review Assessment of the individuals needsMultiple hospital admissions2.2. Outline who might be involved in the advance care planning processAdvance care planning centres on discussions with a person who has capacity to make decisions about their care and treatment. If the individual wishes, their family, friends and health and social care professionals may be included. It is recommended that with the individuals capital of New Hampshire thatdiscussions are documented, regularly reviewed, and communicated to key persons involved in their care.2.3. Describe the type of instruction an individual may need to enable them to make informed decisionsStatements of wishes and preferences can include individualised preferences, such as where one would wish to live, having a shower rather than a bath, or wanting to sleep with t he light on. sometimes people may wish to express their values e.g. that the welfare of their spouse or children is taken into account when decisions are made about their place of care. Sometimes people may have views about treatments they do not wish to receive but do not want to formalise these views as a specific advance decision to refuse treatment. These views should be considered when acting in a persons best interests but will not be legally binding. A statement of wishes and preferences cannot be made in relation to any act which is illegal e.g. assisted suicide.2.4. Explain how to use legislation to support decision-making about the capacity of an individual to take part in advance care planningThe Mental Capacity Act saysEveryone has the right to make his or her own decisions. Health and care professionals should always write an individual has the capacity to make a decision themselves, unless it is proved otherwise through a capacity assessment. Individuals must be give n help to make a decision themselves. This might include, for warning, providing the person with info in a format that is easier for them to understand. Treatment and care provided to someone who lacks capacity should be the least regulatory of their basic rights and freedoms possible, while still providing the mandatory treatment and care. The MCA also allows people to express their preferences for care and treatment in case they lack capacity to make these decisions. It also allows them to appoint a trusted person to make a decision on their behalf should they lack capacity in the future.The MCA sets out a two-stage see of capacity.Does the individual concerned have an impairment of, or a disturbance in the functioning of, their spirit or brain, whether as a result of a condition, illness, or external factors such as alcoholic drink or drug use? Does the impairment or disturbance mean the individual is futile to make a specific decision when they need to? Individuals can la ck capacity to make some decisions but have capacity to make others, so it is vital to consider whether the individual lacks capacity to make the specific decision.Also, capacity can fluctuate with time an individual may lack capacity at one point in time, but may be able to make the same decision at a later point in time. Where appropriate, individuals should be allowed the time to make a decision themselves.MCA says a person is unable to make a decision if they cannotunderstand the information relevant to the decision control that informationuse or weigh up that information as part of the process of making the decisionIf they arent able to do any of the above three things or communicate their decision (by talking, using sign language, or through any other means), the MCA says they will be treated as unable to make the specific decision in question. Before deciding an individual lacks capacity to make a particular decision, appropriate step must be taken to enable them to make th e decision themselves.For exampleDoes the individual have all the relevant information they need? Have they been given information on any alternatives?Could information be explained or presented in a way that is easier to understand (for example, by using simple language or visual aids)? Have different methods of communication been explored, such as non-verbalcommunication? Could anyone else help with communication, such as a family member, carer, or advocate? Are there particular times of day when the individuals understanding is better? Are there particular locations where the individual may feel more at ease? Could the decision be delayed until a time when the individual might be better able to make the decision?2.5. Explain how the individuals capacity to discuss advance care planning may influence their role in the processExample by NHS Carolean has dementia and lives at home with the support of carers from a domiciliary care agency. Over the last two days, she has become very confused and unable to make decisions about the care she receives. The care worker has suggested that the GP be called. Caroline is adamant that she does not require the GP. It is clear that Caroline is unwell and the care worker, having consulted the family, assesses that Caroline lacks the capacity to make the decision about whether or not to call the doctor. So the care worker calls the GP and place downs her attains in the care plan. The GP visits Caroline and diagnoses a urinary tract infection. He requests a urine sample for analysis and commences treatment with antibiotics. Within three days, Caroline has regained her capacity, for this decision.2.6. Explain the meaning of informed consentInformed consent is a process for getting permission before conducting a healthcare intervention on a person. For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary and informed, and the person consenting must have the capacity to make the decision. These terms are explained on a lower floor Volunt ary the decision to either consent or not to consent to treatment must be made by the person themselves, and must not be influenced by pressure from medical staff, friends or family.Informed the person must be given all of the information in terms of what the treatment involves, including the benefits and risks, whether there are reasonable alternative treatments and what will happen if treatment does not go ahead. Capacity the person must be capableof giving consent, which means they understand the information given to them, and they can use it to make an informed decision.If an adult has the capacity to make a voluntary and informed decision to consent to or refuse a particular treatment, their decision must be respected. This still stands even if refusing treatment would result in their death, or the death of their unborn child. If a person does not have the capacity to make a decision about their treatment, the healthcare professionals treating them can go ahead and give trea tment if they believe it is in the persons best interests. However, the clinicians must take reasonable steps to seek advice from the patients friends or relatives before making these decisions.2.7. Explain own role in the advance care planning processUnder the MCA, anybody making a decision about the care or treatment of an individual, who has been assessed as lacking the capacity to make that decision for himself, will be required to take any statement of wishes and preferences into account when assessing that persons best interests. Part of assessing best interests should include making reasonable efforts to find out what a persons wishes, preferences, values and beliefs might be. This is likely to involve contacting the persons family or other care providers. They may be able to terminate whether any statements of wishes or preferences exists or for help in determining that persons wishes. This will not always be possible, e.g. if an individual is admitted as an emergency, is u nconscious and requires rapid treatment.2.8. Identify how an Advance Care political platform can change over timePersons views may change over time. If they wish to make any changes they should let their doctor or nurse know as well as their family and friends. When their Advance Care Plan is completed they are encouraged to keep it with them and share it with everyone involved in their care. What has been written in their Advance Care Plan will always be taken into account when planning their care. However sometimes things can change unexpectedly, suchas their carers (family, friends and neighbours) becoming over fatigue or ill- these are unforeseen circumstances.2.9. Outline the principles of record keeping in advance care planningAccording to NHS guidelinesHealthcare professionals cannot make a record of the discussion without the permission of the individual The individual concerned must check and agree the content of the record Information cannot be shared with anyone, unless the individual concerned has agreed to disclosure. Where the individual refuses to share information with certain individuals the options should be explained to them and the consequences made clear Any record should be subject to review and if necessary, revision and it should be clear when this is planned. Review may be instigated by the individual or care provider, can be part of regular review or may be triggered by a change in circumstances A clear record of who has copies of the document will help facilitate future updating and review Copies in notes should be updated when an individual makes any changesWhere an advance decision is enter, it should follow guidance available in the Code of Practice for the MCA http//www.dca.gov.uk/menincap/legis.htmcodeofpractice and be recorded on a separate document to that used for ACP The professional making the record of an advance decision must be competent to complete the process Where this is part of a professionals role, competence ba sed training needs to be available and accessed If the individual agrees for their record to be shared, it should be ensured that systems are in place to enable sharing between health and social care professionals involved in the care of the individual, including out of hours providers and ambulance services For an individual who has lost capacity disclosure of a statement will be based on best interests There should be locally agreed policies about where the document is kept. For example, it may be decided that a copy should be given to the individual and a copy placed in the notes 2.10 Describe circumstances when you can share details of theAdvance Care PlanThe advance care plan is a document that goes into effect only if theclient is incapacitated and unable to speak for herself. This could be the result of disease or severe injuryno matter how one-time(a) is she. It helps others know what type of medical care she wants. In that case it is really important to make sure that ever ybody who is involved in her care knows everything about her preferences and wishes-thus the Advance Care Plans details should be shared. That could explain her feelings, beliefs and values that govern how she make decisions. They may cover medical and non-medical matters. They are not legally binding but should be used when determining a persons best interests in the event they lose capacity to make those decisions.Learning Outcome 3 Understand the person centred approach to advance care planning Assessment Criteria3.1. Describe the factors that an individual might consider when planning their Advance Care PlanThe wishes are being expressed during advance care planning are personal and can be about anything to do with the patient future care. They may want to include their priorities and preferences for the future, for example how they might want any religious or spiritual beliefs to hold to be reflected in their care, the telephone of a person or people they wish to represent the ir views at a later time, their choice about where they would prefer, if possible, to be cared for, for example at home, in a hospital, nursing home or hospice their thoughts on different treatments or types of care they might be offered, how they like to do things, for example, preferring a shower alternatively of a bath or sleeping with the light on, concerns or solutions about practical issues, for example, who will wait on after their dog should you become ill3.2. Explain the importance of respecting the values and beliefs that impact on the choices of the individualSometimes people will want to write down or tell others their wishes and preferences for future treatment and care, or explain their feelings orvalues that govern how they make decisions. Statements of wishes and preferences or documented conversations the person has had with their family or other carers may be recorded in the persons notes. A statement of wishes and preferences can be of various types, for example A requesting statement reflecting an individuals aspirations and preferences. This can help health and social care professionals identify how the person would like to be treated without binding them to that course of action if it conflicts with professional judgment A statement of the general beliefs and aspects of life which an individual values. This might provide a biographical portrait of the individual that subsequently aids deciding his/her best interests.Your beliefs and values are what make you a unique individual. They are based upon past experiences as well as present circumstances. numerous of them were learned from parents as well as other respected individuals. While some people may have values and beliefs that are deemed to be wrong according to society, unless your values and beliefs cause harm to others, they cannot be considered wrong. While some beliefs and values may change from time to time, they remain your own.3.3. Identify how the needs of others may need to be taken into account when planning advance careA person assessing an individuals best interests must-Not make any judgement using the professionals view of the individuals quality of life calculate all relevant circumstances and options without disparity Not be motivated by a desire to bring about an individuals death Consult with family partner or representative as to whether the individual previously had expressed any opinions or wishes about their future care e.g. ACP Consult with the clinical team caring for the individualConsider any beliefs or values likely to influence the individual if they had capacity Consider any other factors the individual would consider if they were able to do so Consider the individuals feelings3.4. Outline what actions may be appropriate when an individual is unable to or does not wish to participate in advance care planningMany patients with early or slowly progressing disease, and some with advanced disease, will not wish to discuss end-of-life care. However, they should still receive the opportunity to discuss other aspects of their future care. If the patient does not have capacity for making future plans, then the clinical team will need to make choices based on the patients best interests as defined in the MCA.3.5. Explain how individuals care or support plan may be affected by an Advance Care PlanIf an individual wishes, ACP may be an integral part of the care and communication process and of their regular care plan review. The difference between ACP and care planning more generally is that the process of ACP will usually take place in the context of an anticipated deterioration in the individuals condition in the future, with attendant loss of capacity to make decisions and/or ability to communicate wishes to others.